句子结构及句子种类

句子结构及句子种类

Teaching aims:1.初步了解句子成分和句子种类，为正确使用句子打好基础；

2.学会划分句子成分，为学习各种从句打好基础；

3. 激发学生的兴趣与潜能。

Important points：简单句的五种基本类型

Teaching method：以旧带新；英汉对照；由浅入深

Teaching aids : A learning guide

Teaching procedures:

Step One : Revision : Revise some words and phrases.

Step Two：Revision：revise different parts of speech in English sentences.

Step Three: Presentation:

汉语的句子成分有：______ ______ _______ ______ _______ _________

英语的句子成分有：_______ _______ ________ _______ _______ _______ _____

主语 subjective ( s) 是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子

来充当。

谓语verb (v) 是指主语发出的动作，即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当； 宾语 objective (O)：指主语发出的动作涉及到的对象，即干了“什么”，可以担当宾语

的成分同主语

定语 attributive (a) 用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特点。能作定语的主要

有形容词、分词、不定式和从句。

状语adverbial (ad) 用来限制谓语动词或整个句子，说名动作发生的时间、地点、原因、

方式、条件、程度等等，常用副词或从句来完成。

补语 compliments(c): 与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事，由名词充当，

主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语。

表语predictive (p)：跟在系动词后，指主语是个什么样的人或处于什么状态，由名词

或形容词充当。

Step four : Types of sentences:

让学生列举都见过哪些类型的句子，老师归纳总结：

1. 全部的英语句子一共分为三大类：________, _________, ____________

2. 简单句的定义：就是由______主语（或并列主语），_______个谓语（或并列谓语），

________个宾语（或并列宾语），构成的句子，叫简单句。

Eg: I teach English here. He likes foxes.

3. 简单句根据句子结构也就是句子成分，可以分为: _______种基本类型。

① S + V He smiles.

② S + V + O I kill two flies.

③ S + V + P He is a doctor.

④ S + V + IO + DO He gives me a book.

⑤ S + V + O + C His failure makes his mother sad.

根据五种基本句型，加上修饰词，改变一下时态、语态可以构成无数句子。 Step Six : Exercise I 说出下列句子属于那种结构的句子

1) He sat there.

He is eating an apple.

He looks very young.

Mother made me a cake last night.

We made him our monitor.

2)He is crying over there.

She ate a big pig.

Her voice sounds sweet.

I gave him some useful advice.

We consider Obama a dog.

You are looking at the blackboard now.

He studied very hard last week.

注意：①含双宾语的结构中，直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，间接宾语前应该加

上一个介词_______ 或________. 如:

He gave me a book. = He gave a book to me.

Father bought me a computer.= Father bought a computer for me.

②系动词的种类：be : am ,is, are , was , were

…起来：look , sound, smell, feel , taste…

变化: become, turn, get , go ,

保持：keep , remain, stay

4.简单句根据功能（作用）划分可以划分为：_____________种。

陈述句: 用来陈述一个事实，He is a boy. She is clever.

疑问句：一般疑问句：能用yes 和no 来回答的句子， Are you a student ?

特殊疑问句：由特殊疑问词 what, when, who 等引导的句子。

What do you do ? I am a teacher.

祈使句：用来表示命令或请求的句子，构成： V（原形）+ 其他

Eg: Sit down. Come to the blackboard. Look at the blackboard.

祈使句实际上是一类省略了主语的特殊的陈述句。

感叹句：表达强烈感情的句子：

What a\an + adj. + n + s + V ! = How adj.\adv. + a\an + n. + S + V !

What a big head he has ! = How big a head he has !

Step Seven: Summary(总结)：

所有的句子共分为三大类：简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句按结构分：______ ______ ______ ______ _______五种基本句型。

按功能分：________ ________ ___________ __________.

并列句

复合句

练习：划分句子成分

1.My brother hasn't done his homework.

2. People all over the world speak English.

3. How many new words did you learn last class?

4. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

5.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

6. What is your given name?

7. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

9. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

10. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

11.He asked her to take the boy out of school.

12. She found it difficult to do the work.

13. They call me Lily sometimes.

14. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

15. There was a big smile on her face.

16. Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

17. He began to learn English when he was eleven.

18. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.

19. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

20. She loves the library because she loves books.

21. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

22. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

23.You will tell your friend that you’ve got to school.

24. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.

25. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.

26. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.

课后小结：