2011年考研英语二真题详细解析

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

（40points）

Text 1

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000：a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee；how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time，she said.

本段主要讲述了Ruth Simmons的个人经历。作为高盛董事会的外部独董，她在2009年被抨击，原因是她任凭董事会发放了高额的奖金而没有引起人们的

关注（这是独董的职责）。之后她就离开了高盛董事会（本段并没有太多的谈到时间的背景，当时正值美国金融危机，作为大投行在亏损严重的情况下发放高额奖金会引起人们的非议，作为独董应该制止这种自私的行为）。

从考点设置来说，本段整体作为例子，应该是为下文的观点做铺垫。但本段第三句带有转折+冒号解释+反问，也属于重要的考点结构，可以设置细节题的正确选项。

Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations

elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky，and the share price is falling，outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

本段首句+第二句介绍了外部独董的特点：对公司有帮助且少有偏见。同时因为经济的高度独立性，可以与公司CEO针锋相对。第三句指出外部独董的作

用：能够在公司股价出现下跌时给出好的建议。

从考点设置来说，本段第二句为带有原因的长难句（同时进一步解释了首句），可以针对外部独董的独立性设置原因类细节题进行考察。

The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal

class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.”Leaving riskier，smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

本段前三句描述了一个对外部独董离开对公司造成影响的研究。第四句到第六句描述了研究结果：公司需要作出盈利申明（避免造成外界怀疑），股价下跌，诉讼案件增多。第七句到本段结束提出观点：外部独董在遇到类似危机时倾向于需找更大的公司“避难”。

从考点设置来说，本段第四句到第六句为研究的结果，从内容上属于重点内容，可利用其设置细节题的正确选项。

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons，once again very popular on campus.

本段首句提出观点：外部独董会在公司出问题之前选择离开。第二句+第三句承接上句指出，公司需要拿出物质激励来留住他们，不然他们会选择像Ms. Simmons一样最终离开公司。

从考点设置来说，本段首句虽然带有转折，但是和上一段后三句内容有重复，

而第二句与第三句构成选择关系（otherwise），可针对其设置细节或者推论题。

21. According to Paragraph 1，Ms. Simmons was criticized for .

[A]gaining excessive profits

[B]failing to fulfill her duty

[C]refusing to make compromises

[D]leaving the board in tough times

试题类型：事实信息题

解题思路：通过题干定位到原文第一段。考察的是Ms. Simmons被批判的原因。首段第三句指出But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee，当中的was under fire for 对应题干的was criticized for,之后继续提出how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked（她怎么能够发放如此巨额的奖金而不引起人们的关注呢？）。这部分内容并没有直接对应出正确选项，但是其言下之意是她做的事情与其职位（管理薪酬的人）是不相符合的，因此选项B是正确的。

干扰排除：选项A对应原文的let those enormous bonus payouts pass，但是原文并未指出她自己拿走了这部分的奖金，因此A是不符合文意的，属于过度推论可排除。选项C的compromises在首段中并没有提到，属于无中生有的选项可以直接排除。选项D的leaving the board在文中却有提到，但是这应该是受到批评后的结果，而不是先离开董事会后被批评，所以D也可以排除。

22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .

[A]generous investors

[B]unbiased executives

[C]share price forecasters

[D]independent advisers

试题类型：事实信息题

解题思路：通过题干定位到原文第二段，题干考察的是独立董事应该是哪一种类。原文第二段首句就提出Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm’s board（他们应该是起到帮助且偏见要更少）。第二句接着指出Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere（早就在其他地方攒的盆满钵满名声在外），they

presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals（他们在对抗CEO的时候就有足够的独立性），也就是说他们的选择偏见会少一些。因此选项D是正确的。

干扰排除：选项A的generous在文中并没有提到，不能因为原文提到他们已经挣 …… 此处隐藏：4706字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……