2004美国EPA饮用水标准

2004 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health

Advisories

2004 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories

EPA 822-R-04-005

Office of Water

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Washington, DC

Winter 2004

Recycled/Recyclable

Printed on paper that contains at least 50% recycled fiber.

The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories tables are revised periodically by EPA’s Office of Water on an “as needed” basis. The following information should be kept in mind when using the Tables:

Reference dose (RfD) values are updated to reflect the values in the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), and the Drinking Water Equivalent Level (DWEL) has been calculated accordingly. Thus, both the RfD and DWEL in the Tables differ from the values in the Health Advisory document if the IRIS RfD is more recent than the Health Advisory document value. RfD values from IRIS that differ from the values in the Health Advisory documents are presented in BOLD type. For unregulated chemicals with a new IRIS RfD, the lifetime Health Advisory was calculated from the DWEL using the relative source contribution value published in the Health Advisory. For regulated chemicals, where the revised lifetime value differed from the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), no lifetime value was provided in the Table.

For regulated chemicals, the cancer group designation and 10-4 cancer risk reflect the status at the time of regulation. For unregulated chemicals, the cancer group designation or cancer classification and 10-4 cancer risk reflect the values presently on IRIS. New IRIS cancer designations and 10-4 cancer risk values are presented in BOLD type. Several pesticides listed in IRIS have been re-evaluated by the Office of Pesticide

Programs (OPP) resulting in an RfD other than that in IRIS. For these pesticides, the IRIS value is listed in the Table, and the newer OPP value is given in a footnote.

In some cases there is a Health Advisory value for a contaminant but there is no reference to a Health Advisory document. These Health Advisory values can be found in the Drinking Water Criteria Document for the contaminant.

With a few exceptions, the Health Advisory values have been rounded to one significant figure.

The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories tables may be reached from the Water Science home page at

http://www.epa.gov/waterscience

The tables are accessed under the Health Advisories heading.

Copies may be ordered free of charge from

SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE 1-800-426-4791

Monday thru Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM EST

Copies of the supporting technical documentation for the health advisories can be ordered for a fee on the Internet at

http://www.epa.gov/OST/orderpubs.html

or from

Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) 1929 Kenny Road

Columbus, OH 43210-1080

Telephone number 614-292-6717; 1-800-276-0462 FAX 614-292-0263

e-mail ERICSE@osu.edu

Payment by Purchase Order/Check/Visa or Mastercard

For further information regarding the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 or 703-285-1093.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions for terms used in the Tables are not all-encompassing, and should not be construed to be “official” definitions. They are intended to assist the user in understanding terms found on the following pages.

Action Level: The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow. It is the level of lead or copper which, if exceeded in over 10% of the homes tested, triggers treatment.

Cancer Classification: A descriptive weight-of-evidence judgment as to the likelihood that an agent is a human carcinogen and the conditions under which the carcinogenic effects may be expressed. Under the 1999 EPA Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, descriptive terms for carcinogenicity replace the earlier alpha numeric Cancer Group designations (US EPA 1986 guidelines). The suggested descriptive terms are as follows:

Carcinogenic to humans

Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans

Cancer Group: A qualitative weight-of-evidence judgement as to the likelihood that a chemical may be a carcinogen for humans. Each chemical is placed into one of the following five categories (US EPA 1986 guidelines): Group A B

Category Human carcinogen

Probable human carcinogen:

B1 indicates limited human evidence

B2 indicates sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans

Possible human carcinogen

Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity Evidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans

C D E

This categorization is based on EPA’s 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. The Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, which were published in 1999, have replaced the 1986 cancer guidelines on an interim basis for new assessments.

10-4 Cancer Risk: The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000.

Drinking Water Advisory: A nonregulatory concentration of a contaminant in water that is likely to be without adverse effects on both health and aesthetics.

DWEL: Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is from drinking water.

HA: Health Advisory. An estimate of acceptable drinking water levels for a chemical substance based on …… 此处隐藏：23127字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……