英语考前冲刺总结(6)

prefer sth to sth

prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sth 1) I prefer rice to noodles.

2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music. 3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.

② 有些结构中要用平行结构。

would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do

something as do something (宁可……也不……)

1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up. 2) I would as soon stay at home as go. 3 部分强调句

① It is / was … that … 结构

It is / was … that … 结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分 It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday. It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday. ② 被强调的部分指人时，可用who 或whom

强调主语时，如果指的是人， 可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时，如果

指点的是人，可用whom。例如： 1）It was the dean who walked by.

2）It was Mary whom the old lady missed most. ③ 被强调部分指物时，要用that

例如：It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday. ④ 被强调部分是状语时，也只能用that，不能用when或where.

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It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French. It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference. What … is / was … 结构

2 What … is / was … 结构常用来强调主语或宾语，在这种结构中，is/ was后面是强调的部分。例如：

1）What hurts is my left leg. 2）What I like is her style. 感叹句：

1 由感叹词what引导的感叹句。

what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：

1）. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如： What an apple this is!

2）. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What kind women they are! 2 由How引导的感叹句

how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 3 关于感叹句 what 和 how 的区别：

1) 由\引导的感叹句：\意为\多么\用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词 或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is). What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！

2) 由\引导的感叹句：\意为\多么\，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is). How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！

3) 在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用\引导，也可用\引导。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is !

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4) 感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。

如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！

反义疑问句：

1．当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时，后面的疑问句应表示为： I am a student, aren?t I ?

Everyone is in the classroom, aren?t they? (基本不用单数） Nobody will go, will they? 2. 否定

（1）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则为肯定形式：

There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they?

（2）当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词时，疑问部分要用否定形式。如：

He looks unhappy, doesn't he?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？ The girl dislikes history, doesn't she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？

3.think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。

(1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如： I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he? We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?

此类句子的回答同\前否后肯\型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为\；若尚未到达，使用\。

(2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关...）。例如：

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?

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