英语考前冲刺总结(11)

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔） This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔） 4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况： 1．定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如：

This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking. 2．先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如：

The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。

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3．当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如：

I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK. 注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。

有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如： China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡，从这里，放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。

状语从句

状语从句就是充当句子状语的从句，它可分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、结果、目的、条件和让步等从句。 1. 时间状语从句

1．常用来引导时间状语从句的连接词有as, when, whenever, while, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly/scarcely/barely…when/before…, no sooner… than…等。如：

He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation before it got worse．他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势。

Jack had scarcely/hardly seen me when/before he left the room. 杰克一看到我就离开了房间。

2．某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, each/every time, next time, the first/second/last time, by the time等。 如：

Directly I received your letter, I came back at once. 我一收到你的信，就马上回来了。 2. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句一般由where, wherever, everywhere 和anywhere引导。如： Wherever he went, he was warmly welcome. 无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈的欢迎。 3. 原因状语从句

原因状语从句一般由because, as, since, now that, in that, seeing that, considering that, not that… but that, by reason that, for fear that, for the reason that, on the ground that等引导。 如：

As it is raining, let?s stay at home. 因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。

A gas differs from liquid in that it has no definite shape. 气体不同于固体就在于它没有一定的形状。 4. 结果状语从句

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