英语考前冲刺总结(10)

89. 据说李先生多次到过澳大利亚。

【答案】It is said that Mr. Lee has been to Australia for many times. 【解析】“多次到过”用完成时态。 09年翻译题

86、互联网的出现改变了人们的生活、工作与思维方式。

【答案】The appearance of the Internet has changed the way people live, work and think. 【解析】用一般完成时态。

四、从句重要知识点

名词性从句

1．主语从句

1．主语从句在句中作主语。如：

Which team will win the match is still not certain. Why he did that wasn?t quite clear.

2．主语从句位于句首时，会使句子显得笨重，因此常以it 作为形式主语，而将主语从句后置，以保持句子平衡。如：

It is strange that she didn?t come yesterday. 3．whether与if引导主语从句的区别：

whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，if引导的主语从句只能放在句末。如：

Whether she comes or not makes no difference. (不能用if) 她来不来都没有关系。 It is doubtful whether/if the President knew the details of the plan. 总统是否知道这个计划的细节这一点颇有疑问。 2. 表语从句

1．表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如： The question is whether she can speak English.

That is what we need.

2．表语从句可用whether引导，也可用as if 引导，但不能用if 引导。如： His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.

It looked as if it was going to rain.

3．主句的主语是reason时，表语从句要用that，不能用because。如：

The reason why he was dismissed was that he was careless and irresponsible. 他被开除的原因是他工作马虎，不负责任。 3. 同位语从句

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1．同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, reason, idea等。如： We heard the news that our team had won. I have no idea how soon they are coming. 2．同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别：

从意义上来说，同位语从句对一个名词加以补充说明，定语从句对一个名词进行修饰或限定。从结构上说，同位语从句由连词引导，连词在句中不作任何成分，只起引导作用；引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任一定成分，含有代替所修饰或限制词语的意义。如：

They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 他们都为德国向俄国宣战而感到震惊。(同位语从句，that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分。)

They were all shocked at the news that was announced on the radio. 他们都为收音机中宣布的消息而震惊。（定语从句，that在从句中作主语，若省略that，句子成分不全。） 4. 宾语从句

1．宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如：

I wonder who he is. He is sorry for what he has done.

注：在口语及非正式文体中，that常省略。 2．使用宾语从句时应注意时态呼应。

1) 主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。如： I?m sure that you?ll succeed.

2) 主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句谓语动词一般须用过去时。如： I thought he studied hard.

3) 从句如果与某一具体的过去时间状语连用，尽管其谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，仍用一般过去时。如：

She told me that her father died in 1991.

4）从句所说明的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine. 3．不能省略that 的宾语从句

1）句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。如：

He said (that) he couldn?t tell you right away and that you wouldn?t understand. 2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如： Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his finegreen coat and his black silk cap.

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3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如： I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth. 4）当that宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that 不可省。如： We think it important that we study hard.

4．whether和if引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether, 不能用if。如：

He asked me if (whether) my brother was at home. It is a question of whether we should go. 定语从句

定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（as, when, where, why）等引导。关系词除了起引导作用外，还在从句中指代前面的先行词，并在从句中担任一定的成分。如：

The car which was stolen has been found.（which 指代先行词car，在从句中作主语） The house whose windows are broken is empty. (whose 是所有格，在从句中作定语) I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. (when指代先行词day，在从句中作时间状语)

1. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，表示对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。如：

He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。（限定性定语从句） My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句）

注：1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which，as或who（指人）。用which或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。如：

He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如：

As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly. 3. 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如：

The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去) She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn?t met before. (whom不能省去)

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2. 通常只用关系代词that，不用 which，who或whom的几种情况

1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如： All that you want are here.

2. 当先行词被all, no, some, …… 此处隐藏：3279字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……