氨氮抑制对于餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵的影响研究

编号

本科生毕业设计（论文）

题目：氨氮抑制对于餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵的

影响研究

环境与土木工程 学院 环境工程 专业

学 号 1003080221 学生姓名 王晓平 指导教师 赵明星 副教授

二〇一二年六月

摘要

摘 要

餐厨垃圾中富含大量的淀粉和纤维素等有机物质，生物可降解性强，因此生物方法已经逐渐成为处理厨余物的主要发展方向．厌氧发酵作为一种生物处理技术，存在着生化抑制效应．本课题主要研究氨氮胁迫对产甲烷代谢途径的影响.

本实验以厌氧颗粒污泥为菌种，主要研究了以下几个方面的内容：1) 氨氮胁迫对餐厨产气量的影响．2) 氨氮胁迫对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵过程中TOC去除率的影响．3) 氨氮胁迫对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵过程中有机酸的影响以及对厌氧发酵过程中产甲烷辅酶F420的影响．

实验首先通过氨氮负荷梯度实验确定餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵对产甲烷的抑制作用，以及抑制整个反应过程的有机酸种类和浓度，TOC去除率，以及产甲烷过程关键酶—辅酶F420影响．同时研究氨氮胁迫前后餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产甲烷代谢途径的变化情况．

实验结果表明：1) 不同的氨氮浓度对产气量有一定的影响，随着氨氮浓度的增加，相同反应时间内，餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵的产气量依次减少[具体产气数据]．2)当氨氮浓度大于4500mg/L时，对于TOC的去除率影响较大，去除率较0mg/L的降低30%． 3) 不同的氨氮浓度，不仅影响有机酸的种类，也影响反应水解酸化阶段有机酸的产生速率．4) 氨氮胁迫对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵过程中pH的影响不大，pH大约都维持在7. 5)随着浓度的增加，F420呈先增加后减少的趋势变化，当氨氮浓度在1500mg/L时，F420的浓度大约为0.008mmol/L

关键词：氨氮胁迫；产甲烷菌；有机酸；F420；TOC

I

摘要

ABSTRACT

Food waste is rich in organic substances such as starch and cellulose, which have strong biodegradability. It has been widely applied that the treatment of food waste using the biological method, and the anaerobic digestion has become the most promising approach in food waste treatment. The paper investigated the ammonia stress on the metabolic of methane production during anaerobic digestion of food waste for preventing of biochemical inhibition.

The study, using anaerobic granular sludge as bacteria inculum in digestion, focused on the following 3 aspects: 1) Ammonia stress on waste food production ; 2) Ammonia stress on the TOC removal of food waste anaerobic fermentation process, ; 3) Ammonia stress on the influence of organic acids in the food waste anaerobic fermentation process and the impact on the anaerobic fermentation process of a special enzyme F420.

The main results were as follows: 1) TThe ammonia concentration has some influence on gas production with the increase ofammonia concentration, the same reaction time, anaerobic fermentation of food wastegas production in order to reduce . 2) When the ammonia concentration greater than 4,500 mg /L influenced, for TOC removal, the removal efficiency of 30% was significantly lower than the 0 mg / L. 3) Different concentrations of ammonia, not only affect the types of organic acids, but also affect the production rate of the reaction hydrolysis acidification phase organic acids. 4)Ammonia stress is not on the food waste anaerobic fermentation process, pH, the pH approximately maintained at 7. 5)With the increase of the concentration, the F420 is to first increase and then a decreasing trend change, when the ammonia concentration of 1500mg / L, the F420 is the concentration of approximately 0.008mmol / L.

Key word: ammonia stress; methanogen; Organic acids ; F420; TOC

II

目录

摘 要 .......................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. II 第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 立项背景 ............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 餐厨垃圾的特征 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 厌氧发酵产甲烷机理 ........................................................................................................... 3

1.4.1 发酵产酸阶段 ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 产氢产乙酸阶段 ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.3 产甲烷阶段 ......................................................................................................................................... 4

第2章 材料与方法 ................................................................................................. 7

2.1 实验材料 ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 实验装置 ............................................................................................................................ 7

2.1.2 污泥和餐厨垃圾来源 ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 主要实验试剂 ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.4 主要仪器设备 ..................................................................................................................................... 7

2.2实验分析测定方法 ............................................................................................................... 8

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