新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第三册Units1-3教案

Unit 1 Text A Never, ever give up!

Ⅰ. Background Information

1. public school

In the UK (with the exception of Scotland), the term public school refers to a group of older, more expensive and exclusive fee-paying private schools, which cater primarily for children aged between 13 and 18. It is independent of the state system in regard to endowment and administration. The typical great public school such as Eton, Harrow, and Winchester evolved from an institution founded by a single benefactor during the late European Middle Ages or the Renaissance. The curriculum from the beginning placed heavy emphasis on the Greek and Roman classics and continued to do so until well into the 20th century.

In the US, public schools generally refer to elementary or secondary schools, offered to all children by the government and paid for, in whole or in part, by public funding from taxation. The term may also refer to institutions of post-secondary education funded, in whole or in part, and overseen by the government.

2. Stanford Law School

It is a graduate school at Stanford University. It was established in 1893 and is regularly ranked among the top three law schools in the United States, along with Harvard Law School and Yale Law School.

3. Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) grew up as the son of a British noble. He attended a private school from age seven, and entered Harrow in 1888. He was not impressed with his education. Later he entered Sandhurst Royal Military College in 1893, after three attempts to pass the entrance test. He joined the army in 1895.

He was a British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, he served as prime minister twice (1940-1945 and 1951-1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize for Literature (in 1953), and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.

4. Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (1879-1955), born to a Jewish family in Germany, grew up in Munich and moved to Italy in 1894. As a boy, he was said to be slow in learning to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and a likewise great ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. After he left school, he went to Switzerland, where he

graduated from university with a degree in mathematics. In 1905, Einstein published a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world. For the theories he established in his papers, he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Among the important discoveries Einstein made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity. He was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.

5. Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor, scientist and businessman. Edison had very little formal education as a child, attending school only for a few months. He was taught reading, writing, and arithmetic by his mother, but he was always a very curious child and taught himself much by reading on his own. This belief in self-improvement remained throughout his life.

He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories — a crucial development in the modern industrialized world.

6. Sandra Day O'Connor

Sandra Day O'Connor (1930- ,) is an American jurist who was the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States. She served as an Associate Justice from 1981 until her retirement from the Court in 2006.

She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor of the US in 2009.

7. Stanford

Commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, it is an American private research university located in Stanford, California. Stanford is a founding member of the Association of American Universities, and one of the world's leading research and teaching institutions. Its academic reputation, alumni, influence, and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

Ⅱ.New Words

1. preclude vt. (fml.) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible 阻碍；阻止；妨碍

Better options may come along later, and taking the first option will preclude them from being free for the later and better ones. 后面可能会出现更好的选择，选了第一个他们就无法自由选择后面更好的了。

2. whereby ad. (fml.) used for saying that sth. is done according to the method, arrangement, rule, etc. that has been referred to 凭那个；借以

Officials proposed a system of double-checking on traders whereby they would be obliged to list every item exported and imported. 官员们提出了一个对贸易商进行复核的制度，这样贸易商将被迫列出进出口的每一个项目。

3.patriotic a.feeling a lot of love, respect, and duty toward your country 爱国的；有爱国心的

The Chinese people have a glorious patriotic tradition, and they are great peace-loving people. 中国人民具有光荣的爱国传统，是伟大的、热爱和平的人民。

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