国际经济学5标准贸易模型

标准贸易模型

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标准贸易模型

International Economics

国际经济学主讲： 主讲：余道先ydxdhy@

标准贸易模型

Chapter 5

The Standard Trade Model标准贸易模型

标准贸易模型

Chapter OrganizationIntroduction A Standard Model of a Trading Economy 开放经济的标准模型) (开放经济的标准模型) International Transfers of Income: Shifting the RD Curve 国际收入转移：相对需求曲线的移动) (国际收入转移：相对需求曲线的移动) Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD(关税和出口补贴：相对供给曲线和相对需求曲线同时移动) 关税和出口补贴：相对供给曲线和相对需求曲线同时移动)

Summary4

标准贸易模型

IntroductionPrevious trade theories have emphasized specific sources of comparative advantage which give rise to international trade: (先前的贸易理论强调了贸易的起比较优势的特定来源) 因——比较优势的特定来源) 比较优势的特定来源Differences in labor productivity (Ricardian model) Differences in resources (specific factors model and Heckscher-Ohlin model)

The standard trade model is a general model of trade that admits these models as special cases.(标准贸易模型是一个一般性的模型，而上述模型是标准 标准贸易模型是一个一般性的模型， 贸易模型的特例) 贸易模型的特例)5

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyThe standard trade model is built on four key relationships:Production possibility frontier and the relative supply curve(生产可能性边界和相对供给曲线之间的关系) 生产可能性边界和相对供给曲线之间的关系)

Relative prices and relative demand(相对价格和相对需求之间的关系) 相对价格和相对需求之间的关系)

World relative supply and world relative demand(世界相对供给和世界相对需求之间的关系) 世界相对供给和世界相对需求之间的关系)

Terms of trade and national welfare(贸易条件对国家福利的影响) 贸易条件对国家福利的影响)6

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyProduction Possibilities and Relative SupplyAssumptions of the model: Each country produces two goods, food (F) and cloth (C) Each country’s production possibility frontier is a smooth curve (TT)

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyProduction Possibilities and Relative SupplyThe point on its production possibility frontier at which an economy actually produces depends on the price of cloth relative to food, PC/PF.(生产可能性边界上的实 生产可能性边界上的实 际产出组合取决于棉布对于粮食的相对价格) 际产出组合取决于棉布对于粮食的相对价格 Isovalue lines(等价值线) (等价值线)Lines along which the market value of output is constant

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyFigure 5-1: Relative Prices Determine the Economy’s OutputFood production, QF

Isovalue

lines Q

TT Cloth production, QC9

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyFigure 5-2: How an Increase in the Relative Price of Cloth Affects Relative SupplyFood production, QF

Q1 VV1(PC/PF)1

Q2

TT

VV2(PC/PF)2 Cloth production, QC10

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyRelative Prices and DemandThe value of an economy's consumption equals the value of its production: PCQC + PFQF = PCDC + PFDF = V The economy’s choice of a point on the isovalue line depends on the tastes of its consumers, which can be represented graphically by a series of indifference curves. (一国在等产值线上生产点的选择取决于该国消费者 的偏好， 的偏好，而消费者的偏好可以通过一系列的无差异曲线图 示出来) 示出来)11

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyIndifference curvesEach traces a set of combinations of cloth (C) and food (F) consumption that leave the individual equally well off(无差异曲线是在同一消费效用水平 ( 上棉布(C)和粮食 的消费组合的轨迹) 和粮食(F)的消费组合的轨迹 上棉布 和粮食 的消费组合的轨迹) They have three properties: Downward sloping The farther up and to the right each lies, the higher the level of welfare to which it corresponds Each gets flatter as we move to the right12

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyFigure 5-3: Production, Consumption, and Trade in the Standard ModelFood production, QF

Indifference curves D Food imports Q

TT Cloth exports Cloth production, QC13

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyIf the relative price of cloth, PC/PF , increases, the economy’s consumption choice shifts from D1 to D2.The move from D1 to D2 reflects two effects: Income effect Substitution effect It is possible that the income effect will be so strong that when PC/PF rises, consumption of both goods actually rises, while the ratio of cloth consumption to food consumption falls.(有这样一种可能，即当 C/PF (有这样一种可能，即当P 提高时，收入效应大到使两种产品的消费都增加， 提高时，收入效应大到使两种产品的消费都增加，而棉 布消费与粮食消费的比率却下降) 布消费与粮食消费的比率却下降)14

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyFigure 5-4: Effects of a Rise in the Relative Price of ClothFood production, QF

D2 D1

Q1 Q2 VV1(PC/PF)1 TT VV2(PC/PF)2 Cloth production, QC15

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyThe Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of TradeTerms of tradeThe price of the good a country initially exports divided by the price of the good it initially imports. 一国出口产品价格除以该国进口产品价格) (一国出口产品价格除以该国进口产品价格) A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. 个国家的福利随着贸易条件的改善而上升， (个国家的福利随着贸易条件的改善而上升

,随着 恶化而下降。) 贸易条件的 恶化而下降。)

标准贸易模型

A Standard Model of a Trading EconomyDetermining Relative Prices(相对价格的确定) 相对价格的确定)Suppose that the world economy consists of two countries:Home (which exports cloth)Its terms of trade are meas …… 此处隐藏：3838字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……