简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

7.7.1 7.2

································ 34

9.7.1

································· 60

1.1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2····················3·······································3···········································3····························4 Python·························4···········································5 7.3

·········································· 2

4.5.2····························· 20 4.6 continue··································· 20 4.6.1 continue···················· 20 4.6.2····························· 21 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.4 7.4.1 7.5 7.5.1 7.6 7.6.1 7.7 7.7.1

5.5.1················································ 21 5.1.1································· 21 5.1.2····························· 22········································· 22 5.2.1·························· 22 5.2.2····························· 23········································· 23 5.3.1·························· 23 5.3.2····························· 23 5.3.3 global························ 24····································· 24 5.4.1······················ 25 5.4.2····························· 25········································· 25 5.5.1·························· 26 5.5.2····························· 26 return······································· 26 5.6.1·········· 26 5.6.2····························· 27 DocStrings······································· 27 5.7.1 DocStrings························ 27 5.7.2····························· 28 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

······································· 21

1.3 1.4

2.2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9····························6······················································6

···············································6···················································7····································7···········································8···················································8································9················································· 11

·································· 5

·················································34·················································34···············34··································34·················································36··································36······················37·················································38··································38·················································40··································40·················································42······························42··························43··························43

10.

/

······························· 62

10.1

10.1.1

10.2

10.2.1

················································ 62································· 62············································· 63·························· 63

11.

······································· 64

11.1················································ 65 11.2 try..except········································ 65 11.2.1································· 65 11.3········································· 66 11.3.1·························· 66 try..finally········································ 68 11.4.1 finally······························· 68

11.4

12. 8.8.1 8.2 8.

2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.3

Python Python

························· 69

····················· 44

3.3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.4················································· 11············································· 11··································13··································14··································14·············································14

···················· 11

·················································44·········································45·····································45·····································47·····································49·····································50······························52··································53

12.1················································ 69 12.2 sys············································ 69 12.2.1····························· 69 12.2.2 sys························· 71 os············································· 71

12.3

13.

Python

················· 72

9.9.1 9.2 9.3

···················· 53

4.4.1 4.2·················································15 if··············································15 4.2.1 if·······························15 4.2.2······························16 while········································17 4.3.1 while·························17 4.3.2······························18 for············································18 4.4.1 for·····························18 4.4.2······························19 break········································19 4.5.1 break·························19

···································· 15 6.6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

·········

······························ 28················································ 28 6.1.1 sys···························· 29 .pyc······················· 30 from..import····························· 30 __name__····························· 30 6.4.1 __name__·············· 30·························· 31 6.5.1·················· 31 6.5.2 from..import····························· 32 dir()·········································· 32 6.6.1 dir····························· 32 6.61

9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7

4.3

·················································53 self···················································54····················································54 9.3.1······························54·····································55 9.4.1······················55 __init__····································55 9.5.1 __init__·····················55······························56···············57·················································59 9.6.1

13.1····································· 72 13.2········································· 72 13.3········································· 73 13.3.1·························· 73 13.4·············· 73 13.5 lambda····································· 74 13.5.1····························· 74 exec eval······························· 75 assert········································ 75 repr·········································· 75

13.6 13.7 13.8

14.

················ 75

14.1

14.1.1

GUI

········································· 76·························· 77

4.4

1.Python

4.5

Hello World

Python

2

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Python

1.1shell Hello World print Windows IDLE ->Python 2.3->IDLE(Python GUI) Linux>>> 1.1 Python Python Python Linux/Unix helloworld.py Python Python Hello World Pyth

on Linux/BSD shell Ctrl-d Windows Ctrl-z Enter Python print PATH -> IDLE IDLE python print 'Hello World' Enter Print

Python

Python

p

P

1.2.2

#

#!

python

Hello World

print

Hello World

1.3

PythonLinux/Unix

Windows

chmod

1.2Hello World Simon Cozens[1] helloworld.py 1.2 Hello World Hello World

Hello World

chmod ./

helloworld

./helloworld

PATH

PATH

PATH shell Linux Edit->Run Script DOS Ctrl-F5 python helloworld.py

IDLE

1.2.1

3

4

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

2.1

5 1.23 9.25e-3 echo/home/swaroop/bin PATH PATH cd Linux DOS z z z z PATH=$PATH:/home/swaroop/mydir PATH$ shell swaroop PATH/home/swaroop/mydir

'This is a string'"It's a string!"

2

2.2Python 2 3.23 52.3E-4 (-5+4j) (2.3-4.6j) E 4

1.4Python help(str) str help str

10

52.3E-4

52.3 * 10-4

2.3

Python Python Python print env help() help PYTHONDOCS z" z '

'Quote me on this'

Linux/Unix

"What's your name?" z '''"""

print

Python

print

Fedora Core 3 Linux

2.Hello World Python

z name? 'What's your name?'

'

What's your

Python

\'

'What\'s your name?'

"What's your name?"5

6

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

\\ z z N z"This is the first sentence. This is the second sentence." z r z Unicode Unicode Unicode is a Unicode string." Python Unicode u U Unicode z R r"Newlines are indicated by\n" z i __my_name

_

0-9

myname

myName

n

name_23

a1b2_c3

2things this is spaced out

my-name

2.6

2.7u"This Python

z Python"What's your name?" 'What\'s' 'your name?'

2.4

2.1

2.5

z

_7

8

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

= i i i s 1 i 6 5

5

i print

Python

2.8Python Python

print 'Hello World'

Python;/

9

10

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

2.9Python Python

2+ 3

3.1

Python

3.3.12+3

3.2

11

12

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

+

-

3.3.1

(2+ 3) * 4

3.3.2

2+3+4 (2+ 3)+ 4 a=b=c a= (b= c)

3.4 3.32+3*4 3.1

Python Python Python 2+ (3 * 4) 2+ (3+ 4) 3.2 2+3*4

length * breadth print breadth)

area 2 * (length+

Python area

'Area is'

Python

Python13

14

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

4.4.1Python

Python

if for

while

4.2 ifif elseelse if-

4.2.2

number

4.2.14.1 if

ifraw_input

23

raw_input()

guess

raw_input int

int

Python

Python

if

Python

elif

if else-if else

if-elif-else

elif

else if elif else if

if

if

Python

if

elif

else

if print 'Done'

Python

15

16

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

C/C++

4.3 whilewhile while else while

4.3.2

while

4.3.13.2 while

whileraw_input if running running while True

while while-

running

True

while-

else-

while else True False

False

else

while

while

1 1 else

0

while

while

4.4 forfor..in

4.4.13.3

forfor

17

18

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

4.4.2range range range range 1 range for i in range(1,5) i i for range break els

e for i in[1, 2, 3, 4] range(1,5)

[1, 2, 3, 4] range(1,5,2)[1,3] for i else for..in

4.5.2'quit' len break for

4.5 breakbreak False

4.6 continuecontinue Python

4.6.1for while else 3.5

continuecontinue

4.5.13.4

breakbreak19

20

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

5.1.2

sayHello

5.2

4.6.2len 3 3 continue

5.2.15.2

continue

for

5.5.1len def def range

5.1.15.1

21

22

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

print

x

5.2.2printMax a b if..else global

5.3.3

global

Python

global

printMax printMax(x, y) x a y b printMax

global

5.3

5.4

global

5.3.15.3

5.3.3.1global x x

x

5.3.2global x 2 x23

global x, y, z Python

5.4x x x

=

24

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

5.5.15.6

5.4.15.5

5.5.2 5.4.2say times say 5 5 func(c=50, a=100) a 1 func(25, c=24) say 24 b 5 func func(3, 7)

a

3

b

7

c

10

a

25

c

a

c

c

5.6 returnreturn

5.6.1

5.5

5.7

25

26

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

5.6.2maximum if..else

return None return someFunction return return None

return None None

Python

print someFunction()

5.7.2

DocStrings

pass

Python __doc__ docstrings DocStrings Python q help help()

5.7 DocStringsPython

printMax

Python

DocStings

__doc__ help(printMax)

5.7.15.8 DocStrings

DocStringsPython

pydoc

help()

DocStrings

6.6.1

.py

27

28

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Python

sys

argv argv

sys.argv

sys

6.1.1sys.argv 6.1 sys IDE

sys

sys.argv

python using_sys.py we are arguments Python sys.argv 'arguments' 'are' sys.argv[2] sys.path sys.path

python

using_sys.py

sys.argv

'using_sys.py'

sys.argv[3]

Python

0

sys.argv[0] 'we' 1

sys.argv[1]

sys.path

PYTHONPATH sys.path

6.2

.pyc

Python Python .pyc

.pyc

Python

.pyc

6.3 from..importargv sys from..import

sys. from sys import *

from sys import argv

import

6.46.1.1.1import Python 6.2 Python import sys sys system sys.path sys.py sys Python sys

__name__

__name__

6.4.1

__name____name__

29

30

简明Python教程(重新排版打印版)

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

Swaroop, C. H.

:

:shiiuen

6.5.1.1 6.4.1.1Python __name__ '__main__'

Python

Python

6.5.2 from..importfrom..import

6.5Python .py

6.5.16.3

mymodule_demo2.py

mymodule_demo.py

6.6 dir()dir dir() Python Python sys.path

6.6.16.4 dir

dir

31

32