新视角研究生英语读说写1课文翻译以及课后习题答案(9)

七、Life Without Father

1、The United States is becoming an increasingly fatherless society. A generation ago, a child could reasonably expect to grow up with his or her father. Today, a child can reasonably expect not to. Fatherlessness is approaching a rough parity with fatherhood as a defining feature of childhood.美国正日益成为一个父爱缺失的社会。上一代的儿童能理所当然地期待与父亲一起生活。今天的儿童可以理所当然地期待不这样的生活。父爱缺失几科和父爱一样，正在成了童年生活的一大特征。

2、This astonishing fact is reflected in many statistics, but here are the two most important: Tonight, about 40 percent of U.S. children will go to sleep in likely to spend a significant portion of childhood living apart from their fathers. Never before in this country have so many children been voluntarily abandoned by their fathers. Never before have so many children grown up without knowing what it means to have a father.很多数据都反映出这一令人吃惊的现象，但最重要的两个数据是：今夜约有40%的美国孩子将在没有父亲的房里入睡。一半多的孩子可能在童年时期有相当一部分的时间是与父亲分开过的。这个国家从来没有如此多的儿童被他们的父亲主动抛弃。从来没有如此多的孩子在其成长过程中不知道拥有父亲意味着什么。

3、Fatherlessness is the most harmful demographic trend of this generation. It is the leading cause of the decline in the well-being of children. It is also the engine driving our most urgent social problems, from crime to adolescent pregnancy to domestic violence. Yet, despite its scale and social consequences, fatherlessness is frequently ignored or denied. Especially within our elite discourse, it remains a problem with no name.关于这一代人的人口统计显示出的倾向中，父爱缺失是最糟的一项。它是儿童生活幸福度下降的罪魁祸首，也是产生犯罪、青少年怀孕、家庭暴力等严重社会问题目的根源。然而尽管父爱缺失这一问题普遍存在且后果严重，却经常被忽略被否认。尤其是在我们的精英话语中，父爱缺失仍是一个未被清楚地认识到的问题。

4、Surely a crisis of this scale merits a name and a response. At a minimum, it requires a serious debate. Why is fatherhood declining? What can be done about it? Can our society find ways to invigorate effective fatherhood as a norm of male behavior? Yet, to date, our pubulic discussion has been remarkably weak and defeatist. There is a prevailing belief that not much can or even should be done to reverse the trend.对于如此规模的危机问题当然应该认识清楚并做出反应。至少要加以认真讨论：为什么为父之道会沦丧？针对这一问题有何对策？我们的社会能否找到办法，促使男性都能尽到为父之责？然而到目前为止，公众在这一问题上的声音还很微弱，没有成效。普遍的看法是我们无法甚至不应该去改变这一趋势。

5、As a soctiety, we are changing our minds about men’s role in family life, Our inherited understanding of fatherhood is under siege. Men are increasingly viewed as superfluous to family life: either expendable or part of the problem. Masculinity itself often is treated with suspicion, and even hostility, in our cultural discourse Consequently, our society is unable to sustain fatherfood as a distinctive domain of male activity.社会正在改变关于男性在家庭生活中作用的看法。代代传承的为人之父的观念正处于被困状态。男性越来越多地被认为是家庭生活中多余的角色：他们要么起过一次作用就结束，要么是家庭问题目的一部分。在我们的文化话语中，男子气本身也经常受到怀疑，甚至遭到敌视。这样我们的社会就无法继续将为父之道视为男性行为的特定领域。

6、The core question is simple: Does every child need a father? Increasingly, our society’s answer is “no.” Few idea shifts in this century are as consequential as this one. At stake is nothing less than what it means to be a man, who our children will be and what kind of society we will become.问题相当简单：是不是每个小孩都需要一位父亲？来自我们的社会越来越多的答案是：否。本世纪的观念转变还很少像这变化一样带来如此严重的后果。危险的是人们几乎不去思考：作为一个男性意味着什么？我们的孩子们将成为什么样的人？我们将变成什么样的社会？

7、My criticism is not simply of fatherlessness but of a culture of fatherlessness. For, in addition to fathers, we are losing something larger: our idea of fatherhood. Unlike earlier periods of father absence in our history, such as wartime, we now face more than a physical loss affecting some homes. The 1940s child could say: My father had to leave for a while to do something important. The ’

研究生英语

90s child must say: My father left me permanently because he wanted to.我的批语不是简单地针对家庭中父亲角色的缺失，而是针对一个父道沦丧的文化。因为除了父亲以外，我们正在失去更为重要的东西：我们对于为父之道的操守观念。与历史上早些年（比如战争时期）父爱的缺失不同，我们现在面临的不仅仅是影响某些家庭的父亲物质实体上的缺失。20世纪40年代的孩子会说：我的父亲为了去做一些重要的事而不得不暂时离开了我。90年代的孩子会说，我的父亲永远离开了我，因为他不想要我了。

8、This is a cultural criticism because fatherhood. Much more than motherhood, is a cultural invention. Its meaning is shaped less by biology than by a cultural script.a societal code that guides-and at times pressures-a man into certain ways of acting and understanding himself.这是一种文化上的批评，因为与身为人母不同，身为人父是一种文化上的创新。它的意义与其说来自于生物特性，不如说是决定于文化规约社会的准则，它指导有时是迫使—一个人以某种方式行事和理解自我。

9、Like motherhood, fatherhood is made up of both a biological and a social dimension. Yet, across the world, mothers are far more successful than fathers at fusing these dimensions into a coherent identity Identity. Is the nursing mother playing a biological or a social role? Feeding or honding? We can hardly separate the two.so seamlessly are they woven together. But fatherhood is a different matter. A father makes his sole biological contirbution at the moment of conception, nine months before the infant enters the world. Because social paternity is linked only indirectly to biological paternity, a connection cannot be assumed. The phrase “to father a child” usually only to the act of insemination, no …… 此处隐藏：5237字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……