基于单片机的倒车防撞系统设计毕业设计论文

分 类 号：TN98 学 号：112100221

学校代码：13605 密 级： 公开

长春建筑学院 学士学位毕业设计

基于单片机的倒车防撞系统设计

Design of reverse collision avoidance system based on SCM

作者姓名： 专 业： 研究方向： 指导教师：

培养单位：电气信息学院

2015年6月

毕业设计

基于单片机的倒车防撞系统设计

学 生： 指导教师： 专 业：

所在单位：电气信息学院 答辩日期：2015年6月10日

摘 要

倒车防撞系统是汽车驻车或者倒车时的安全辅助装置，能以声音或者更为直

观的显示告知驾驶员周围障碍物的情况，解除了驾驶员驻车、倒车和起动车辆时前后左右探视所引起的困扰，并帮助驾驶员扫除了视野死角和视线模糊的缺陷。

随着汽车产业的发展，出于社会对安全驾驶的需求日益增大，倒车防撞这项技术在汽车行业正在不断的发展革新。与此同时，安全倒车技术已经成为汽车产业的重要研究方向。其及时的反馈性，以及对恶劣环境条件的多适用性，已经成为普通汽车出厂前必备的一道技术工序。

本设计以单片机为核心控制器件，外围组成电路有信号处理模块、测距模块、

显示模块，报警模块、语音模块及供电模块等。主要介绍倒车防撞系统的基本实现原理、系统组成框图以及软硬件的实现方式。针对倒车防撞系统所需的技术条件，选用STC89C52型号单片机作为主控制器的制定了相应的硬件架构及软件设计，并将整体设计做成实物，寻找其在实际应用中的不足之处。本次设计利用超声波测距技术，实时测量障碍距离并迅速反馈给司机，当距离超过预警值系统立刻进行报警，便于司机迅速采取防范措施。另外，本系统也可通过按键对距离进行实时语音播报。

关键词 倒车防撞；单片机；超声波测距

I

Abstract

Reversing collision avoidance system is a car parking or reversing the safety auxiliary device, using sound or a more intuitive way to inform the driver of the barrier around, lifting the distress of the driver when they parking, reversing, starting the vehicle and visiting around, and helping the driver to remove the dead and blurred vision deficiencies.

With the development of the automobile industry, the demand for safety driving is increasing, and the technology of reverse collision avoidance is continuously developing in the automotive industry. At the same time, the safety reverse technology has become an important research direction of the automobile industry. Its timely feedback, as well as the applicability of the severe environment, has become a technical process of the common vehicle before leaving the factory. In this paper, with the single chip processor as the core control device, peripheral components of the circuit signal processing module, ranging module, display module, alarm module, voice module and power supply module.

This design mainly introduces the basic Implementation Rationale of reverse collision avoidance system, the block diagram system and the realization way of the hardware and software. According to technical conditions of reverse collision avoidance system, the writer selects the types of STC89C52 microcontroller as the main controller to formulate suitable hardware architecture and software design. Furthermore the author overalls the whole design to real object, finds its shortcomings in practical application. The design makes use of the ultrasonic measuring distance technology, real-time measurement of obstacle distance and rapid feedback to the driver, when the distance exceeds the warning value system it immediately alarm, It’s easy to prompt drivers to take preventive measures. In addition, this system also can broadcast the distance in real-time voice through the keypad. Keywords: Reverse crash; SCM; Ultrasonic ranging

II

目 录

摘 要 .......................................................................................................................... I Abstract............................................................................................................................ II 第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 目的和意义 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究内容 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 可行性分析与技术要求 ................................................................................... 2 第二章 系统的总体设计 ................................................................................................ 3

2.1 超声波测距原理 ............................................................................................... 3 2.2 超声波传感器的选择 ....................................................................................... 3 2.3 温度补偿计算 ................................................................................................... 3 2.4 主要元器件介绍 ............................................................................................... 4

2.4.1 主控制器 ................................................................................................ 4 2.4.2 显示模块LCD1602 ................................................................................. 5 2.4.3 集成芯片CX20106A ............................................................................... 7 2.4.4 语音芯片NY3P035 ................................................................................. 8

第三章 系统的硬件设计 .............................................................................................. 11

3.1 单片机最小系统的设计 ................................................................................. 11

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