机械加工中心刀具管理系统论文设计

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摘 要

一般的刀具管理控制系统是指备有刀库，具有自动换刀功能的系统。目前它普遍应用在我国的数控机床中，满足了我国机床工业的需要。本系统就是通过可编程序控制器对刀具管理系统进行控制，从而节省换刀时间和不必要的劳动力，使其达到工艺流程的控制要求。

本系统主要完成了硬件、软件和监控系统的设计。硬件主要是选用PLC中的CPU224实现刀具选择模块和取刀模块的设计。在此基础上进行系统软件设计并编制出相应的梯形图程序，使刀具能够按照就近取刀的原则到达指定位置，并通过机械手的下行、上行、左行、右行、夹紧和松开的动作把刀具送到需要的位置。最后采用监控组态对系统的运动过程进行监控，达到对刀具管理系统实时监控的目的。

关键词： PLC；数控机床；监控组态；刀具管理控制系统

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Abstract

Tool management control system means the system equipped with the knife, with automatic tool change function. It is now widely used in China's CNC machine tools, to meet the needs of China's machine tool industry. This system is adopted by the PLC control system management tool, saving time and unnecessary ATC workforce to meet the requirements of the control process.

The system completed a design in major hardware, software and control system. PLC hardware is optional in the realization of the CPU224 cutter knife choose modules and modules in the design. Base on this system the design of software and preparation of the ladder procedures, the cutter knife in accordance with the principles from the nearest arrived at the designated location, through the mechanical hand down, up, left to right line, clamp and release the tool where they are needed to move to the location. The final configuration of a monitoring system monitor the campaign process, to achieve the purposes of the tool management system’s real-time monitoring

Key word: PLC；CNC machine tools; Control the configuration; Tool management control system

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目 录

1 绪 论 ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 课题的目的和意义 ................................................................................................. 1

1.2 刀具管理控制系统的概述 ..................................................................................... 1

1.2.1 数控机床的发展 ........................................................................................... 1

1.2.2 加工中心的介绍 ........................................................................................... 2

1.2.3 刀库的介绍 ................................................................................................... 4

1.3 可编程控制器（PLC）概述 .................................................................................. 6

1.4 课题研究的主要内容 ............................................................................................. 9

2 系统的总体设计方案 ..................................................................................................... 10

2.1 系统的工作原理 ................................................................................................... 10

2.2 控制方案的确定 ................................................................................................... 10

2.2.1 PLC的选型 ............................................................................................... 10

2.2.2 电动机的选择 ............................................................................................. 10

2.2.3 位置检测的选择 ......................................................................................... 12

2.2.4 组态软件的选择 ......................................................................................... 12

3 刀具管理控制系统的设计 ............................................................................................. 15

3.1 刀具管理控制系统硬件的设计 ........................................................................... 15

3.1.1 硬件简介 ..................................................................................................... 15

3.1.2 刀具选择模块的硬件设计 ......................................................................... 15

3.1.3 取刀模块的硬件设计 ................................................................................. 17

3.2 刀具管理控制系统软件的设计 ........................................................................... 18

3.2.1 刀具选择模块的程序设计 ......................................................................... 18

3.2.1 取刀模块的相关的程序设计 ..................................................................... 21

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3.3 下位机的调试 ....................................................................................................... 26

4 监控系统的设计 ............................................................................................................. 28

4.1 组态软件的概述 ................................................................................................... 28

4.2 监控组态软件的制作 ........................................................................................... 28

4.2.1 前期准备 ..................................................................................................... 28

4.2.2 构造实时数据库 ......................................................................................... 29

4.2.3 制作监控画面 ............................................................................................. 30

4.2.4 动画的连接及相关的脚本程序 ................................................................. 31

4.3 组态与下位机的通信及调试 ............................................................................... 32

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