英美文学术语解释(13)

12. Parody(滑稽模仿)

It is a mocking imitation of the style of a literary work or works, ridiculing the stylistic habits of an author or school by exaggerated mimicry, parody is related to burlesque in its application of serious styles to ridiculous subjects, to satire in its punishment of eccentricities, and even to criticism in its analysis of style. In English, two of the leading parodists are Henry Fielding and James Joyce.

是指文学作品中以讽刺嘲笑为目的的模仿，通过夸张的模仿来讽刺某个作家或流派的写作风格，戏讽常用一种严肃的风格来描述一个滑稽的主题，以它的古怪来进行讽刺。甚至是通过风格分析批评来进行讽刺，英语文学中主要的讽刺作家是菲尔丁和乔伊斯. 13. Magie realism(魔幻现实主义)

It is a kind of modern fiction in which fabulous and fantastical events are included in a narrative that otherwise maintains the “reliable” tone of objective realistic report. the term has been extended to works from very different cultures, designating a tendency of the modern novel to reach beyond the confines of realism and draw upon the energies of fable, folktale and myth while retaining a strong contemporary social relevance. 14. Analogy(类比)

(a figure of speech) A comparison made between tow things to show the similarities between them. Analogies are often used for illustration or for argument. 15. Anapest(抑抑扬格)

It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front. 16. Antagonist(次要人物)

A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a rival of the hero or heroine. 17. Antithesis(对立)

(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas. 18. Aphorism(格言)

A concise, pointed statement expressing a wise or clever observation about life. 19. Apostrophe(顿呼法)

A figure of speech in which an absent or a dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman is addressed directly. 20. Argument(论据)

A form of discourse in which reason is used to influence or change people’s idea or actions. Writers practice argument most often when writing nonfiction, particularly essays or speeches. 21. Autobiography(自传)

A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection. 22. Ballad stanza(歌谣段)

A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme. 23. Biography(传记)

A detailed account of a person’s life written by another person. 24. Caesura(诗间休止)

A break or pause in a line of poetry. 25. Caricature(漫画)

The use of exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear comic or ridiculous. A physical characteristic, an eccentricity, a personality trait, or an act may be exaggerated. 26. Character(人物)

In appreciating a short story, characters are an indispensable element. Characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work. Forst divides characters into two types: flat character, which is presented without much individualizing detail; and round character, which is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity. 27. Characterization(性格描绘)

The means by which a writer reveals that personality. 28. Climax(高潮)

The point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a gadgetry’s turning point. The action leading to the climax and the simultaneous increase of tension in the plot are known as the rising action. All action after the climax is referred to as the falling action, or resolution. The term crisis is sometimes used interchangeably with climax. 29. Conflict(冲突)

A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. Usually the events of the story are all related to the conflict, and the conflict is resolved in some way by the story’s end. 30. Connotation(隐含意义)

All the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse. Connotation is distinct from denotation, which is the literal or “ dictionary” meaning of a word or phrase. 31. Couplet(对偶)

Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet. 32. Dactyl(扬抑抑格)

It’s made up of one stressed and two unstressed syllables, with the stressed in front. 33. Denotation(意义)

The literal or “dictionary” meaning of a word. 34. Denouement(结局)

The outcome of a plot. The denouement is that part of a play, short story, novel, or narrative poem in which conflicts are resolved or unraveled, and mysteries and secrets connected with the plot are explained.

35. Description(叙述)

It is a great part of conversation and of almost all writing. It is a part of autobiography, storytelling. With description, the writer tries terror, feel, and hear by showing rather than by merely telling. It’s through the use of specific details and concrete language that abstract ideas and half-formed thoughts are make vividly real. We have objective and subjective description. 36. Diction(措词)

A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision. 37. Dissonance(不协和音)

A harsh or disagreeable combination of sounds; discord. 38. Emblematic image(象征比喻) …… 此处隐藏：3363字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……