2011考研英语（一）模拟试卷二(4)

By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how \ (42) Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.

Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others. (43) Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.

Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. \worked extremely well there,\Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it: \

Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments

worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting. (44)

Why not? Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. (45)

[A] This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery. [B] Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren't used widely.

[C] Employing those people are expensive.

[D] They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.

[E] The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem. [F] Others will die out for lack of food.

[G] Gretaceous ants shared a couple of wasp-like traits together with modern ant-like characteristics.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

(46) While much of the attention on fighting AIDS and other diseases in poor countries has focused on access to affordable drugs, concern is now shifting to the question of who, exactly, will deliver them. Unfortunately, there is a severe shortage of doctors, nurses and other health-care workers in these countries. According to a report published in this week's Lancet by the Joint Learning Initiative (JLI), an international consortium of academic centres and development agencies, sub-Saharan Africa has only one-tenth the number of nurses and doctors per head of population that Europe does, though its health-care problems are far more pressing. (47) The reasons for this are two-fold, and well known-not enough health-care workers are trained in the first place, and too many of those who are trained then leave for better-paid jobs in the rich world. What the report does is to put some numbers on these problems.

A mere 5,000 doctors, it finds, graduate in Africa each year (a third of the number that graduate in America). Only 50 of 600 doctors trained in Zambia in recent years are still in the country. There are more Malawian doctors in Manchester than Malawi. (48) And many rich countries exacerbate the problem by recruiting from poor ones to help deal with their own shortages. To overcome all this, the JLI reckons that the world needs 4m more health-care workers, of whom 1m are required in sub-Saharan Africa alone. The question is, who will pay for them? The report floats some ideas. (49) It recommends that roughly $400m, or 4% of the overseas aid currently spent on health, be earmarked to help build up the health-care workforce in poor countries.(50) But it also suggests that better use be made of existing resources, for example by employing local volunteers rather than highly trained doctors for many routine matters. As Lincoln Chen of Harvard University, one of the report's authors, points out, a few countries, such as Brazil, Thailand and Iran, have taken steps in the right direction. Others need to follow their lead.

Section III Writing Part A

51. Directions:

Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80～100 English words. You should write your abstract on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）

经济全球化的主要原因

20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：

全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，