ybjneb新 - 托福各类阅读题型解读方法 - 图文(3)

如OG上的一道总结题可以直接使用主体词排除错误选项的方法

The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century.

◆ 3 ◆ 5 ◆ 6

1、 Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors

2、 Thomas Edison’s design of the Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen

projection.

3、 Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.

4、 Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.

5、 The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a large

screen

6、 once films images could be projected, the cinema became a form of mass consumption 其中只有三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是 the technology of cinema.

二）细节信息排除法

总结题是对对文章的高度概括所以细节的出现犯了以偏概全的错误，如中文例子中的2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路。 这是一个具体的事实细节，我们要绕过例子看总结。所以在排除它。

如OG中的一道题目

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises

and dolphins ◆ 1 ◆ 2 ◆ 5

Answer choices

1 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals and

cetaceans(这是本文的主题)

2、The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and

at sea.(总结性信息)

3、The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea, an area rich in fossil

evidence. (绝对的事实细节)-排除

4 Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found((绝对的事实细节)-排除

5、Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were

found..(主题)

6、Ambulocetus’hind legs were used for propulsion in the water. ((绝对的事实细节)-排除

三）新信息出现排除

如6、丽丽经常打架，原文没有出现，所以正确答案中一定没有。

由于篇幅所限，我们下期在继续谈总结题如何做，以及总结题的几大类型和不同类型的解法，本期讲的只是总结的题通用方式，总结题题型不同，做题方法也不同，如有任何问

题，www.teacherzhaoli.com留言给我。 如何解决新TOEFL阅读中的修饰目的题

http://www.neworiental.org/Default.aspx?TabID=1130&InfoID=115457&SettingModuleID=23428

问法一般是：why does the author mention X? in order to ….细节题的提问方式多半是：what而这种题目多半是问why。

新TOEFL阅读这种题目不是每篇文章都考的分为如下几类

一、例子题，一般占出题机会的70%，why does the author mention X? X 本身是段落中出现的一个例子，这类题目是送分题，因为要么是先举例后总结，要么是先概述后举例，所以答案多半是绕过例子看概述，而概述的改写是就本题的答案所在。

举个中文例子：丽丽老师是个好人。有一次，我见到丽丽帮助盲人过马路。作者提到了丽丽扶盲人过马路 in order to？为了说明丽丽老师是个好人。

如：Male swans will engage in ferocious contests, with their necks entwined as they attempt to cause mortal injure to each other.

The author mentions their necks entwined in paragraph 2 in order to ___ A. to indicate that swans are really rather affectionate B. to emphasize how long swans’ necks are

C. to make the point that the swans are only pretending to hurt one another D. to create a mental image for the reader of fighting swans.

从本题来看，总结在前例子在后，本题作者相表达的是：ferocious contest 进一步描画。 A表明天鹅很恩爱。无 B强调天鹅脖子长。 无 C．强调天鹅仅仅想假装伤害对方。无同时加了绝对意义的词成为错误选项的标志。所以正确答案为 D 注意： 1）、如果原文有多个例子都是为同一主题服务的，则总结在第一例子出现处。

At the same time, the death rate, too, was falling. Urban living led to better sanitation, refrigeration, and water purification; it also resulted in better medical care as doctors and hospitals were more readily available. Most likely as a result of these factors, there were only eleven deaths per thousand annually by the early 1920s, which was half the rate of 1880s. why does the author mention better medical care in paragraph 3? A. It helps to explain why the birthrate is increasing

B. It is an example of a factor that contributed to the improved birthrate C. It helps to explain why the death rate is increasing

D. It is an example of a factor that contributed to the improved death rate.

从上边那段话，我们发现medical care只是分号后的一个内容，而分号是带有并列功能的句号，说明前部分也是同一方面的内容。根据例子之前的概述和例子之后的总结所以正确答案

应该是D。 2）插入式举例

如见到下列词：for example for instance such as like especially particularly specially in particular 都属于插入式举例，这样服务对象多半在前面。 二、下定义式的考题

A, B A---B---C A or B A which B 等形式 丽丽老师，一个共产主义战士 此类题目定义的改写就是正确答案

例1 In many species, members of the species exhibit aggressive behavior toward one another, often with a focus on territoriality, the fight for exclusive control of a particular area.(在很多物种中，一个物种中成员对另一个产生攻击性行为焦点在地盘性，就是动物在防卫其领土时的打斗行为)

Why does the author include the fight for exclusive control of particular area in paragraph 1? A. It presents an argument against a previously stated point B. It provides a definition of a previously stated term.

C. It presents a second area of focus of aggressive behavior.

D. It introduces a new idea to be further developed in the paragraph.

本题很明显就是 territoriality, the fight for exclusive control of a particular area.是一个下定义的标准模式，正确答案： B

例2 Most bird species are known to be territorial to some degree, though the territorial behaviors exhibited by most species are limited to singing contests, which can go on for days or threatening postures with wing lifted or extended.

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