柯达OLED光特性资料

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Advanced Active Matrix OLED Technologies

Steven A. Van SlykeDisplay and Components OLED Modules Business Unit Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York, USA

Display and Components OLED Modules

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Outline Methods of Color PatterningDiscussion of RGBW Format RGBW in imaging applications

Display Prototypes with RGB and RGBWWhite chemistry and formulation Display designs Processing and testing

Power consumption of RGB and RGBW displaysImportance of emitter white point Color filter array

Operational Stability ConclusionsDisplay and Components OLED Modules

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Methods of Color Patterning(illustrated for bottom emitting)Cathode ETL Emitting Layer HTL Anodes Substrate

Patterned RGB Emitting LayersAdvantages High efficiency Good color Disadvantages Typically uses shadow masking for RGB patterning (yield, cost, scaleability) Aperture ratio issues (shadow mask) Differential aging of RGB

RGBWhiteEmitting Layer

White-Emitting Layer with RGB Color-Filter ArrayDisadvantages Advantages Unpatterned emitting layer Loss of efficiency due to filter absorption (no masks) Aperture ratio not affected Gamut controlled by white spectrum by RGB patterning Enabled by high efficiency white Fewer OLED processing steps Reduced differential aging (white is very stable)

W-RGBDisplay and Components OLED Modules

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Shadow Masking in Manufacturing Precision alignment subsystems:+/-3µm in production Tolerances across a 335 x 550 mm substrate:+/-15µm Significant concerns thermal expansion contact with (fragile) substrate cleaning without damage ability to scale to large substrates COST

Tapered MaskEliminates Non-Uniformity Within Pixel

Display and Components OLED Modules

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Examples of RGB and White -> RGB Displays(AMOLED)

Products RGB direct patterned2.2” Kodak LS633 LTPS (521 x 218)

Prototype White with RGB color filtersKodak/ Sanyo LTPS 15”

3.8” Sony Clie PEG-VZ90 LTPS (480 x 320) (Multi-media handheld)

2.2” Neosol PMP LTPS (521 x 218)

Display and Components OLED Modules

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Methods of Color Patterning(illustrated for bottom emitting)

White-Emitting Layer with RGBW Color-Filter ArrayWhiteEmitting Layer

W-RGBW

Disadvantages Advantages Unpatterned emitting layer Loss of efficiency due to filter absorption (no masks) High efficiency white subpixel results in significant power reduction (a large portion of image content contains white) Enabled by high efficiency white

Display and Components OLED Modules

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RGB and RGBW Formats (with W emitter)RGB Format12.5 cd/A White OLED Color Filter Array Device Emission 2.6 6.6 1.1 Approximate Efficiencies 2.6 (cd/A) 6.6 1.1 12.5

RGBW Format12.5 cd/A

All sub-pixels filtered

White sub-pixel unfiltered (display efficiency gain) Takes advantage of high efficiency, stable white For imaging, takes advantage of fact that most images are very unsaturated (the world is gray)

Display and Components OLED Modules

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RGB and RGBW

– primary colors0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6R G B RGBW

Red Green

CIE y

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0D65

Blue White

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

CIE xDisplay and Components OLED Modules

Shown for NTSC colors and D65 white.8

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RGB and RGBW– unsaturated colors0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

Emitting sub-pixels RGB RGBWRed Green Blue Red Green BlueD65

White Green Blue Red Green White Red White Blue

CIE y

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Red Green Blue

CIE xDisplay and Components OLED Modules

Shown for NTSC colors and D65 white.9

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Importance of Neutral Colors in ImagingBased on 13,000 Digital Still Camera ImagesProbability in DSC Images (based on in DSC Images Probability 13,000 images)

1931 CIEYDisplay and Components OLED Modules

IEX 931 C 1

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Display Power Consumption for RGB and RGBWAssumes W is fully utilized to reduce power

RGBW/ RGB power consumption

For 13,000 DSC images, color saturation~50%0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

C= 100%

CIE y

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9D65

CIE x

C= 0%

RGBW

RGB

Color SaturationDisplay and Components OLED Modules 11

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Outline Methods of Color PatterningDiscussion of RGBW Format RGBW in imaging applications

Display Prototypes with RGB and RGBWWhite chemistry and formulation Display designs Processing and testing

Power consumption of RGB and RGBW displaysImportance of emitter white point Color filter array

Operational Stability ConclusionsDisplay and Components OLED Modules

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White OLED Layer Structure used for Prototypes1.0

CIE x

0.36

Normalized Radiance

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 400 500

CIE y 0.38 Efficiency (cd/A) 12.48

LiF/ Al Cathode Alq Electron Transporting Layer Blue Emitting Layer Yellow Emitting Layer NPB Hole Transport Layer Hole Injection Layer ITO Anode Substrate

600

700

800

Wavelength (nm)

0.9 0.8 0.7

1 9 3 1 C IE y

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1(0.38, 0.36)

Note: Better power efficiency results if white point of emitter= D65

D65 (0.313, 0.329)

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