2018年华中师范大学外国语学院713基础英语之语言学教程考研基础

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目录

2018年华中师范大学外国语学院713基础英语之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（一） (2)

2018年华中师范大学外国语学院713基础英语之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（二） (11)

2018年华中师范大学外国语学院713基础英语之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（三） (19)

2018年华中师范大学外国语学院713基础英语之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（四） (28)

2018年华中师范大学外国语学院713基础英语之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题（五） (37)

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（一）

说明：根据本校该考试科目历年考研命题规律，结合出题侧重点和难度，精心整理编写。基础检测使用。共五套试题，均含有详细答案解析，也是众多专业课辅导机构参考借鉴资料，考研必备。 ——————————————————————————————————————————

一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． Lingua franca

【答案】 It is language that is used for communication between different groups of people , each speaking a different language , lhe lingua franca could be an internationally used language of communication （e. g. English ） , it could be the native language of one of the groups , or it could a language which is not spoken natively by any of the groups but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or more languages.

2． distinctive features

【答案】

a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds , first suggested by Roman Jacobson in the 1940s and then developed by numerous other people.

3． Paradigmatic relations

【答案】 Paradigmatic relation , Saussure originally called associative , is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure , or between one element present and the others absent.

4． Glottal Stop

【答案】 V ocal tract is composed of oral cavity , nasal cavity and pharynx. When the vocal folds are totally closed , no air can pass between them. The result of this gesture is the glottal stop.

5． Locutionary Act , Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act

【答案】 According to Austin , a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking.

A locutionary act is the uttering of words , phrases , and clauses , which conveys meaning by giving out meaningful sounds. Therefore , when somebody says ……Morning??，we can ask a question like “What did he do???，and the answer could be “He offered a greeting.”

An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker?s intention ; it is the act performed in saying something. Therefore , for the same example ，we can say “He meant it as a greeting”.

A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance. Thus ，by saying “Morning!” the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.

6． IPA

【答案】 IPA is the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet , which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the

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7． figure-ground alignment

【答案】 Figure-ground alignment seems to apply to space with the ground as the prepositional object and the preposition expressing the spatial relational configuration. It also applies to human perception of moving objects. Since the moving object is typically the most prominent one , because it is moving , it is typically the figure , while the remaining stimuli constitute the ground.

8． basic level category

【答案】 Basic level category is the most economical level at which you can find the most relevant information. The information on our interactions with objects in the real world are stored at this level. It is at this level that we conjure up the general gestalt of the category.

9． Polysemy

【答案】 Polysemy means a single word having several or many meanings. According to Crystal : Polysemy is a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings. Polysemic words are signs of an advanced culture. Polysemy is also an essential feature of a language?s economy and efficiency.

10．functional morpheme

【答案】 This is a subtype of free morphemes , which one consists largely of the functional words in language such as conjunctions , prepositions , articles and pronouns , for example , “and , about when on , near , the” an so on.

二、Short-answer-questions

11．For the following words , state the conditions under which the different forms of the past tense appear. What determines

whether

or is used? What distinctive features define conditioning environment?

【答案】

12．What are vowels glide about? What differentiates pure or monophthong vowel from vowel glides?

【答案】 When pure or monophthongs are pronounced , the quality remains constant throughout the articulatioin. In contrast , those where there is an audible change of quality are called vowel glides. V owel glides are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. If a single movement of the tongue is involved , the glides are called diphthongs. A double movement produces triphthongs.

13．What is entailment? What are the sources of entailment?

【答案】 Entailment is basically a semantic relation （or logical implication ）

. If sentence A entails sentence B , it must observe that , in terms of truth value , when sentence A is true , sentence B must be also true ; when sentence B is false , sente …… 此处隐藏：6216字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……