英语词汇学复习及题型变化

个人整理的复习重点及2011年题型调整

Introduction 部分：

Lexicology 这门课算哪一种学科的分支: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系:

1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography 研究lexicology 的两大方法: 1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学 2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学 e.g. wife

纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？ Woman 的词义的变化算Narrowing or specialization

第一章部分：

What is word ? 词具有哪些特点？

词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。

1) A word is a minimal free form of a language; 2) A sound unity or a given sound ; 3) a unit of meaning;

4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. 什么叫borrowed words?

Answer: (1) words taken over from foreign languages are know as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms.

(2) It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary

(3) The English language has vast debts .In any dictionary some 80% of the entries are borrowed.

个人整理的复习重点及2011年题型调整

什么叫Denizens?

Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. In other words they have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, such as port from portus (L).

‘Denizens’的例子都要记：Port from portus (L), cup from cuppa (L), shift from skipta (ON), shirt from skyrta (ON), change from changier (F), pork from porc (F).

什么叫Translation-loans ?

Translation-loans are words and expressions formed form the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language, such as ‘ long time no see from haojiumeijian (Ch)

什么叫Semantic-loans ?

words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form ,But their meaning are borrowed , in other words, English has borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language ,such as the word dream ,which originally meant ’joy’ and ‘music ’, and its modern meaning was borrowed later from the Norse.

第三章复习:

The smallest unit in the English language refers to (morphemes) The minimal free form in the English language refers to (word)

In the plural form changing, some of the words will take internal vowel change , this internal vowel change is called (allomorphs)

Deer 复数没有变,还是deer, sheep 复数没有变,还是sheep, 因此,这种变化被称作(zero derivation)

名词解释:

Morphemes : The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as morphemes. In other words, the morpheme is ’the smallest functioning unit in composition of words Allomorphs: The alternative morphs are known as allomorphs,

个人整理的复习重点及2011年题型调整

e.g.the morpheme of plurality {-s} has a number of allomorphs in different sound context, e.g. in cats in bags, matches. It can be realized by the change of an internal vowel as in foot-feet, man-men, goose-geese or by zero morphs as in deer-deer, fish-fish

简答题： what are the types of morphemes ? ( 答简答题时,名词解释) 答案：Free morphemes and bound morphemes Free morphemes :

1) Free morphemes are independent of other morphemes and are considered to be free.

2) These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.

3) They are identical with root words, as each of them consists of a single free root words ,as each of them consists of a single free root 4) free morphemes are free roots. bound morphemes:

1) Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound.. 2) They are bound to other morphemes to form words. 3) Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix affix 分为两类: inflectional and derivational affixes.

Inflectional affixes : Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes.

Derivational affixes: 1)derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create now words

第四章:

问题：在英语中,主要的构词法分为哪几种? 答案：有七种:

1) Affixation 2) Compounding 3) conversion 4) shortening5) clipping 6) acronymy 7) blending 有三种最常用: affixation , compounding and conversion

个人整理的复习重点及2011年题型调整

问题：由专有名词变为普通名词是词义变化的哪一种? 答案：Extension

问题：由普通名词变为专有名词是词义变化的哪一种模式? 答案：Narrowing

问题：Affixation 又被称为什么? 它分为哪两类？ 答案：Affixation is also known as derivation

Affixation falls into two subclasses : prefixation and suffixation 要点: 有哪些前缀属于什么样的类别: a-, non, ir : negative prefixes

de- , dis- ( 既属于negative , 也属于reversative prefixes ) mal-, pseudo-, mis- : pejorative prefixes super , sur-, extra ： prefixes of degree or size

anti-, contra-, counter-, pro- : prefixes of orientation and attitude trans-, fore- tele- : locative prefixes fore-, post- : prefixes of time and order bi-, uni-, semi- : number prefixes pan-, vice - : miscellaneous prefixes suffixation : 1. Noun suffixes 1) Denominal nouns 2) Deverbal nouns

3) De-adjective nouns: ity, -ness, 4) Noun and adjective suffixes

注意Compounding, acoronymy , blending , conversion , clipping 的名词解释.

要点: 复合词分为哪三类: 1)solid 2) hyphenated 3) open 简答题: what are the characteristics of compounds ? What are the difference between compounds and free phrases ?

个人整理的复习重点及2011年题型调整

答案：

1) phonetic features 2) Semantic features 3) Grammatical features

最常见的三种词性 : 1) Noun compound 2) Adjective compounds 3) verb compounds

问题：在名词性复合词中有哪几种有多产性, 哪两种不具有多产性? 在形容性复合词当中, 哪三类有多产性? 动词性复合词是靠 …… 此处隐藏：13490字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……