英语专业写作基础教程7-8单元笔记

英语专业写作课程教材知识总结梳理,考试考点必备

一、Definition and purpose of research paper

定义：A research paper usually deals with an important issue, factual or theoretical, and it is usually fairly long and well-documented.

目的：1. Learn how to use libraries, how to read books critically and efficiently, and how to use them wisely and correctly；

2. Familiarize ourselves with the knowledge and mechanics necessary for writing a research paper；

3. Gain some experience in writing long papers or reports.

二、Steps of preparing research paper

We go through 5 steps or stages in the process of preparing a research paper:

1.choosing a topic

2.collecting information

3.analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out an outline

4.writing the first draft; and

5.revising the draft and finalizing the paper.

1.1 Ways of choosing a topic:(原则:from the general to the specific)

①selecting a general topic(interested; already have some ideas; could develop it into a research paper)

②③narrowing down the scope of our topic to a facet or facets which can be developed ④formulating the final topic

1.2 Criteria for our final topic:

It should be a topic

①which is meaningful and serious.

②which we are able to handle.

③for which sufficient materials are available.

④that can be treated objectively.

⑤that is not too topical.

2.1Ways of collecting information

①using the library

②reading

③taking notes

2.2How can we find books in library?

We can find the books according to the first words of the titles of books or the ;last names of the authors.

2.3书目卡

Call last(姓),first(名)

Number

英语专业写作课程教材知识总结梳理,考试考点必备

城市：出版社，时间

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2.4 How are the books in libraries arranged?

Books are arranged alphabetically according to their authors ,titles and the subjects they belong to.

2.5 How do you look for A Doll’s House?

We go to the title catalogue file and look up Doll’s House and Color Purple ,ignoring the indefinite article “A” in the first book and the definite article “The” in the second book.

2.6 What do you do to get the information of E.M. Foster?

We go to the author catalogue file and look up Foster, E.M. , for the cards are arranged according to the last names of the authors.

2.7 What is the right way of reading ?

To read book quickly and critically .We may first look at the title of contents or the index to find out what chapter or parts of a book might give us some useful material.

2.8 How can you be sure that your information is not outdated or biased ?

We find the latest edition of the book and compare what is said in it with what other books say on the same topic to make sure that the information we have is not outdated or biased.

2.9 Rules of taking notes

①take notes on cards, or on separate pieces of paper

②place only one note on a card.

③be selective.

2.10 Kinds of information on a note card

a. the fact, idea or opinion,

b. the source.

c. the author’s last name and the page number

2.11 Kinds of notes

a. the direct quotation (a note that takes down the exact wording of a particular effective statement on a subject)

b. the paraphrase (a note that takes down the information of a source in our own words)

c. the summary ( a note that abstracts and condenses a large amount of material into a small space)

Whichever method we use, we must cite the source of the information.如果原文有误，但仍就引用过来，须在后面标注[sic]。

2.12 Model of notes

标题

姓名，p.页码

“…….”（内容）

[d.q.](若是paraphrase和summary不需标明)

2.13Two rules for the use of the ellipsis

a. never change the meaning of the original by using an ellipsis.

英语专业写作课程教材知识总结梳理,考试考点必备

b. make sure that we still have a complete sentence when we use the ellipsis.

3.1 Analyzing the information collected, organize our ideas, and work out a thesis statement and outline for our paper.

定义: The thesis statement is usually a single sentence that expresses the main point of view on our topic.

原则:in our thesis statement, we should only put the central idea of our paper, leaving out such words as “I intend to…”,”The purpose of this paper is to…”.or “the method of research I am going to adopt is…”.

4.1 The principles(special attention) of writing the first draft

①using our own words, our ideas and organization

②using the proper tenses

③uniting facts and views

④paying attention to logic and organization

⑤making our tone objective rather than personal

⑥choosing the right style

4.2 Rules of Using the proper tenses :

(1)When we are dealing with an event or a concept of the past,the past tense should be our basic tense .

(2)Biographical details of a person’s life should normally be reported in the past tense.

(3)If we mention events in a story in chronological order, we should use the simple present tense for all. But the simple past or the present perfect should be used for an event that happened before one that has been mentioned. Here is a summary of The Scarlet Letter in The Oxford Companion to American Literature.

(4)The present tense should also be used for our comments on the content of a book or the language and style of the author.

(5)When we quote from an authority, the reporting verb can also be in the present tense .

三、Format of the research paper

1\ Components of a paper

Generally speaking, a research paper consists of five parts:

①thesis statement and outline

②in …… 此处隐藏：6848字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……