传染病学英文名解大题(2)

Invasiveness: the ability of the agent to enter and to move through tissues;

Virulence: it is consists of toxins and other virulent factors;

Quantity: bigger quantity, stronger pathogenecity in the same disease;

Variability: The pathogen may mutate under the pressure of the environment or host.

3. the prerequisite of an epidemic of a communicable disease?(传染病流行的必要条件)

Three prerequisite are required for a communicable disease to spread. First, there must be a source of infection which disseminate pathogen continuously. Second, there must some persons who lack special immunity to the disease, ie, susceptible. Last, the pathogen must reach the susceptible, the route of transmission.

4. the basic characteristic of communicable disease（传染病的基本特征）?

The main difference between communicable disease and other disease is that the former has four basic characteristics. All communicable diseases are infectious diseases and both are caused by a pathogen. But the former have infectivity/ communicability, it is the main difference between them. And communicable diseases have some epidemiological feature. In addition, there is post-infection immunity no matter covert infection or overt infection.

传染病学常考的英文内容

5. clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of fulminant hepatitis/hepatitis gravis(重型肝炎的诊断标准)?

Fulminant hepatitis is a rare syndrome usually associated with hepatitis B. It is characterized by rapid clinical deterioration. Its diagnostic criteria in our country is:

Severe digestive disorder: poor feeding, nausea and frequent vomiting, fatigue;

Progressively deepened jaundice;

Hepatoencephalopathy;

Hepatorenal syndrome;

Decreased volume of liver;

Bleeding pronenss;

Rapidly increased ascites

6. clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of cholestatic hepatitis？

Clinical symptoms: Jaundice is the main manifestation and it lasts longer than three weeks.

Skin itch is usually more severe at night. Rashes can occur on the neck, chest, back, and wrists.

Stool color becomes lighter and urine color becomes darker. Although there can be many

symptoms, the patient usually will not feel extremely ill.

Laboratory tests: Direct bilirubin in the serum elevated and its proportion is more than

60% of the total bilirubin. Serum combined bile acid elevated to 10 to 20 times higher than the

normal range. AKP, GGT, cholesterol, and 5- nucleotidase are obviously elevated, and the ALT

elevation is moderate.

B-Ultrasound: It can distinguish intra or extra liver obstruction.

7. common / main manifestation of acute viral hepatitis？

Malaise, anorexia, fever, dark urine, pale stools, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain and

tender hepatomegaly;

Increased liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin, prothrombin time and globulin;

Serum positive for hepatic virus;

May have history of recent ingestion of undercooked shellfish or sewage-contaminated

water.

8. main manifestation of epidemic encephalitis B?

The disease is mainly manifested by high fever, impairment of consciousness, convulsion, respiratory failure. Signs of meningeal irritation, increased intracranial pressure and other neurological signs. The typical profile in cases of epidemic encephalitis B is lymphocytic pleocytosis, normal or slightly elevated protein level, normal glucose level, and elevated CSF pressure. The specific IgM antibody detection is most useful for the diagnosis of this disease.

9. the principal of wound treatment after bitten by a rabid dog(被狂犬咬伤后伤口处理)?

The wound should be thoroughly cleansed for half an hour, preferably with a quaternary ammonium detergent(季胺类消毒液) or 20% soap (which can not be mixed together); then rinse with 70% ethanol or iodine; damaged tissues should be excised and the wound left unsatured. Rabies can usually be prevented if treatment is started within a day or two of biting. For maximum protection hyperimmune serum and vaccine are required. One should pay attention to tetanus and infection of other bacteria.

10. main manifestation of rabies/ hydrophobia?

传染病学常考的英文内容

The disease begins as a nonspecific illness marked by fever, headache, malaise, nausea, and vomiting. Abnormal sensations at or around the site of viral inoculation occur frequently and probably reflect local nerve involvement. After the prodromal period of 2~4 days, the characteristic fear of water, responsible for the alternative name of ‘hydrophobia’, and fear of wind, becomes evident in many cases. Delusions and hallucinations may develop accompanied by spitting, biting and, and maniacal behavior, with lucid intervals in which the patient is acutely anxious. Cranial nerve lesions develop and terminal hyperpyrexia is common. Death ensues, usually within a week from the onset of symptoms.

11. describe briefly the five phase of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Typical cases of HFRS evolve in 5 stages:① the febrile stage with myalgia, lasting 3 to 4 days; ② the hypotensive stage, often associated with shock and lasting from a few hours to 48h; ③ the oliguric phase usually lasts from 3 to 7 days. The rising concentration of blood urea and creatinine is accompanied by persistent oliguria. ④ the diuretic stage with diuresis and hyposthenuria; and ⑤ the convalescent stage, getting full recovery within 1 to 6 months.

12. main manifestation of sepeticemia

The main clinical manifestations of septicemia are chills, high fever, severe toxemic symptoms(such

as headache, dysphoria), petechia（瘀点）,arthralgia（关节痛）, hepatosplenomegaly（肝脾肿大）, some patients may have metastatic（迁徙性） lesions;in severe patients, septic shock, toxic cerebros …… 此处隐藏：5778字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……