传染病学英文名解大题

传染病学常考的英文内容

Frequently asked question (in English)

Part Ⅰ Noun explanation

1. convert infection/subclinical infection：it means only a special immune response without

or with very mild damage to the host after the pathogens entered which can be diagnosed by serologic means with demonstration of either a single high titer or a fourfold rise in titer to the infection.The patients haven’t any symptoms and signs clinically,no changes of biochemical aspects are present in laboratory findings. It is also called subclinical infection.

2. black-water fever: A complication of MALARIA,FALCIPARUM characterized by an

acute intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and hemolytic jaundice when the red blood cells are destroyed and lytic in the blood vessel，severe patients can result in acute renal failureMost commomly in those who have taken antimalarial treatment irregularly or are deficient in G-6-PD.May be provoked by administering primaquine or chlorquine, or by fatigue. It is also called hemolytic urinemic syndrome

3. carrier state(病原携带状态)：it is a person who is colonized with an organism but shows

no evidence of disease, although disease may have been present earlier. A carrier is a very important source of infection as the organisms can be disseminated from him.

4. latent infection(潜伏性感染)：it means an organism enters a host and lies dormant( 静止

的) for a period of time, possibly for years, before producing disease as the host’s immunity decreased.

5. invasiveness(侵袭力)：the ability of the agent to enter and to move through tissue.

6. source of infection(传染源)： it is referred to a person or animal in which the pathogen

stay and multiply and can be disseminated .

7. route of transmission(传播途径): the route the pathogen entered another susceptible after

been disseminated from the source of infection.

8. susceptible(易感者): it is referred to a person who lacks immunity to a specific

infectious disease.

9. relapse(复发)：it means the return of symptoms after they have apparently ceased during

convalescence which is caused by the multiplication of the pathogen in the host. It is often seen in typhoid fever, malaria, et al.

10. recrudescence(再燃): it means the reappearance of symptoms after temporary

cessation.

11. sustained fever (稽留热）: high fever, lasting and little change in 24 hours, usually <1

degree. Often seen at fastigium of typhoid fever, septicemia, and EHF.

12. remittent fever（弛张热）: high fever, temperature changes > 1 degree in 24 hours, but the

lowest point of the fever is still above the upper limit of the normal temperature. Often seen in the defervascence of typhoid fever or EHF.

13. relapsing fever回归热）: several days of high fever with interruption of a few days’

normality. typical fever pattern in brucellosis and relapsing fever.

传染病学常考的英文内容

14. Intermittent fever（间歇热）: temperature fluctuates between the high fever and the degree below the normality. Usually seen in septicemia and malaria.

15. Irregular fever（不规则热）:the fever curve is irregular. Seen in influenza or septicemia.

16. palmer erythema/liver palm(肝掌): This is intense reddening, mottled in nature, of the palmer aspects due to vasodilation. Seen mainly over the thenar and hypothenar（大、小鱼际） eminences.

17. spider angiomata(蜘蛛痣)：Spider angiomata are small red macules with fine red lines radiating from it like "spider legs". They blanch when compressed(压之褪色). They represent tiny dilated collateral blood vessels and are seen in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.

18. window phase（窗口期）：The window phase is the time from exposure to the organism until one is tested positive for the infection. Someone in the window phase may test negative but actually be positive and able to spread the organism.

19. street strain(野毒株/街毒株): it is referred to rabies virus isolated from the naturally infected animals or human with strong pathogenecity and long incubation period.

20. fixed strain(固定毒株): After being subcultured in rabbit brain for many times (at least 50 times), the virulence of the street strain decreased greatly, but its immunogenicity remained. It is called fixed strain and often used for vaccine production.

21. Negri body（内基本氏小体）: Negri body is pathognomonic for rabies virus infection. It is oval eosinophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion measuring 3-10 micron in diameter. They are most consistenetly seen in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells of cerebellum.

22. septicemia(败血症)：Septicemia is an acute generalized infection caused by the invasion into the blood stream of a pathogenic or an opportunistic organism. While staying persistently and multiplying rapidly in the blood stream, these organisms liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs.

23. bacteriemia（菌血症）：The bacteria enter the blood and multiply in it, but stay only a short time and don’t liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit general toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various organs.

24. pyemia（脓毒血症）: The multiplying site of bacteria is also in the blood, but it is caused by pyogenic（化脓性的）gram-positive cocci, metastatic lesions are always present, the symptoms are the same as septicemia.

25. toxemia（毒血症）: The bacteria only live and multiply in the local parts of the body, they don’t enter the blood stream, but the toxins and metabolites liberated by them do. The symptoms are similar to septicemia.

26. rose spots(玫瑰疹)：They are blanking pink macular spots 2-4 mm in diameter at day 7~13 of typhoid fever. The rash is seen most commonly on the thorax and abdomen, ra …… 此处隐藏：5648字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……