毕业论文格式样板

Acknowledgements (小二，加粗，居中)

I wish to express my thanks and appreciation to my tutor, Miss Zhang Bi, whose careful reading and suggestions have been invaluable to me throughout my thesis writing. My thanks should also be given to all the teachers who have taught me my BA courses. Without their enthusiasm and support, this work would not have been possible.

I am also grateful to my classmates and roommates for their psychological support and encouragement. In particular, I own a special debt of thanks to Huang Linyin, who has given me many

Abstract （四号；粗体；居中）

The relationship between language and gender has long attracted the western sociolinguists interest. As early as in the 1960s, with the development of feminist social movement and the growth of sociolinguistics, there are many researches on inter-gender discourse. But how to explain speech differences between men and women remains a question in dispute among sociolinguists.

The article reviews the definition of discourse and the definition and historical perspective of gender discourse. Five differences in conversations are displayed. They are the usage of “directness and indirectness”, “minimal responses”, “questions”, “swearing and taboo language, hedges, compliments and politeness” and “amount of talk”. The paper then analyzes the main causes of inter-gender differences, including ideology, socialization, interpretive frames and social status and power.

Based on the analysis and discussions above, the author offers some advice to avoid the miscommunication: pay more attention and respect to the objective factors, gain share knowledge as much as possible and learn to be open and flexible.

In fact, the study on gender discourse is still very new. Most of the available analysis is based on the patterns of discourse within American society. And it is very important to

摘 要 (小四 宋体 加粗 居中)

语言与性别问题一直都受到社会语言学家的重视。早在20世纪60年代，随着西方妇女运动的蓬勃发展与社会语言学的兴起和壮大，涌现了大量相关的研究。另外，如何解释男女交际中存在的差异仍然是一个引起语言学家争论的话题。

文章回顾了话语的定义以及性别话语的定义和历史发展状况；展现了对话中的五种差异形式--直接和间接的使用、最低限度应答语的使用、疑问句的使用、话语中诅咒语、禁忌语、闪避词、恭维语和礼貌用语的运用以及话语量；分析探讨了话语中性别交际产生差异的原因--意识形态、社会化适应、诠释框架以及社会地位和权力。

在此基础上作者归纳出避免差异产生的建议和方法：只有认识到性别语言差异客观存在的事实，尊重其各自发展的规律；在日常生活中获取大量的共享知识，

Contents (四号, Times New Roman粗体, 居中)

Acknowledgements……………………………………….………….…..……………i Abstract(English)………………………………………………..…..………………...ii Abstract(Chinese)……………………………………………………....……………..iii

1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1

2. Review of discourse and gender discourse ………………………..….……………2

2.1 The definition of discourse ……………………… .……………………………2

2.2 The definition of gender discourse ……………………………………………..3

3. Inter-gender differences in conversations …………………………………………..4

3.1 Directness and indirectness …………………………………….…...………….4

3.2 Amount of talk ………………………………………………….…..………….5

4. An analysis of the causes of gender differences………………..…….…….……...5

4.1 Ideology …………………………………..…………..……………….………6

4.2 Socialization …………………………………………..……………………...6

4.3 Interpretive frames…………………………………………….….…………..6

5. Improving inter-gender communication……………………………….…………7

5.1 Increase shared knowledge…………………………………………….……..8

5.2 Learn to be open and flexible…………………………………….…………..8

6.

.…….9

..…….…..11

1. Introduction

The research on gender can be pided into two main periods. Before the 1960s,

the research was fragmentary. It s widespread that the language used by men was considered as the standard one, while women s language was confirmed as the deviated one (Net. 1). （正文全部为小四号，Times New Roman字体，行间距为2倍）

Since the middle of 1960s, as a result of the development of feminist social movement and the growth of sociolinguistics, language and gender has caught many western scholars attention, such as the linguists, psycholinguists and sociolinguists. Generally speaking, the research in this period has been analyzed systematically.

2. Review gender discourse （文内小标题加粗，一级标题与上文隔一行；下同）

2.1 The definition of discourse

There are three somewhat different ways to define the word “discourse” by Scollon. “In the most technically narrow definition of the word, the study of grammatical and other relationships between sentences.

The broadest concept of discourse, which is the study of the whole system of communication with a shared language or jargon, with particular ways in which people learn what they need to know to become members, with a particular ideological position, and with quite specific forms of interpersonal relationships

2.2 The definition of gender discourse

Gender discourse is one of the four most common discourse systems, which takes the broadest concept of discourse. It mainly focuses on the discourse characters between the male and the female. Gender discourse is an involuntary discourse system, which is formed by gender such characteristic, in which inpidual members have relatively little choice about whether or not they share in the characteristics (Scollon, 2000:166). When and where someone is born is not what one ca …… 此处隐藏：9501字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……