电子商务05物流与服务

E-Business物流与服务

上海交通大学计算机系吴晨涛 wuct@http://doc.guandang.net

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Chapter Objective

To identify how logistics affects the economy and the profitability of corporation. To briefly explore how logistics has developed over time. Key Logistics activities. To understand the concept of the systems approach as it relates to logistics and marketing, the total cost concept and profitability.2

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Chapter Objective

To show the central role that customer service plays in an organization's marketing and logistics. To define customer service. To show how to establish an effective customer service strategy. To identify opportunities for improving customer service performance.主要参考书：物流管理 1、2、7章 ISBN 7-50538737-5/F3

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1 Logistics in our life

Traditional View: Logistics in the Economy (1990, 1996)

Freight Transportation Inventory Expense Administrative Expense Logistics Related Activity

$352,$455 Billion$221,$38 Billion$27,$31 Billion 8%, 10.5% of GNP

gross national product国民生产总值

Source: Cass Logistics

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1 Logistics in our life

Traditional View: Logistics in the Manufacturing Firm

Profit Logistics Cost Marketing Cost

4% 21% 27%

Manufacturing Cost

48%

1 Logistics in our life 物流概念的演变 第一阶段：物流概念的孕育阶段

20世纪初至50年代中期：Physical Distribution与Logistics并存.1905年，美国少校琼西 贝克(Chauncey B.Baker)在其所著《军队和军需品运输》一书中提出的物流的概念，叫做Logistics(军事后勤)。他是从军事后勤的角度提出的，称Logistics是“与军备的移动与供应有关的战争的艺术的分支”。 1915年，美国的阿奇 萧在他的《Some Problems In Marketing Distribution》一书首次用到物流的概念，叫做Physical Distribution(实物配送)。他从市场营销的角度提出的，指出“物流是与创造需求不同的一个问题”。

1 Logistics in our life 第二阶段：分销物流概念阶段 20世纪50年代中期至80年代中期：Physical Distribution的鼎盛时期。第二次世界大战期间，因战争的需要，美国军方调用大量的科学家从事军事后勤方面的研究，Logistics得到了极大地发展。战争结束后，各国纷纷开始战后重建工作，许多军用技术也逐渐转为民用，经济的复苏带来Physical Distribution营销领域的极大发展。

1 Logistics in our life 第三阶段：现代物流概念阶段

20世纪80年代中期至现在：Logistics的全面发展

传统的物流

供应链管理思路

现代物流管理

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1 Logistics in our life

Importance of Logistics

Estimated that the grocery industry could save$30 billion (10% of operating cost) by using effective logistics and supply chain strategies.通过实施有效的物流和供应链管

理策略，预计零售行业能够节约300亿美元

It takes a typical new car, on average, 15days to travel from the factory to the dealership. But the actual travel time is no more than 4 to 5 days.一个典型的新车，从工厂到特许经销处平均需要15天，但改进物流后，实际运输时间不超过4至5天。

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1 Logistics in our lifeTransportation Warehousing Transportation Customers

Information flows Factory

Transportation

Vendors/plants/ports

The Immediate Supply Chain for an Inpidual Firm10

Warehousing

Transportation

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2 Definition of Logistics Management (by CLM)

Definition of Logistics Management (by CLM)

The process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.为了满足客户需求，对商品、服务和相关信息从产出点到消费点的合理、有效的流动和储存，进行规划、实施与控制的过程. Council of Logistics Management物流是供应链的一部分，是指为了满足客户的需要而发生的从发生地到消费地的物质、服务和相关信息的流动过程，以及为使保管能有效、低成本地进行而从事的计划、实施和控制行为。

中国国家标准-物流术语

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2 Definition of Logistics Management (by CLM)

5 right of Logistics

Getting the right goods and services needed for consumption or production, to the right place, at the right time, and in the right condition at the right cost.

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2 Definition of Logistics Management (by CLM)

Assortment of Logistics Activities

The function of logistics supply logistics, retail logistics, production logistics, reverse logistics逆向物流, waste material logistics The nature of logistics system social logistics, industrial logistics, business logistics Space of logistics activities regional logistics, international logistics13

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3 Factors Impacting the Development of Logistics

Factors Impacting the Development of Logistics

Military logistics developments Transportation deregulation Competitive pressures Information technology Channel power Profit leverage利润杠杆

3 Factors Impacting the Development of Logistics 现代物流与第三方物流的背景及定义 物流最初只表现为简单的仓储及运输的职能。现代物流是指将供应链管理概念用于传统的物流作业之上，即物流不再局限于仓储和运输，而是把运输、仓储、装卸、加工、整理、配送、信息等方面有效地结合起来，提高物流作业的整体效率，降低物流环节的成本。 到20世纪90年代中期，第三方物流的概念和运作模式得到了企

业的普遍认同并被广泛应用。因为企业都希望把资源集中在企业的核心竞争

能力上，但单靠自己的力量降低物流费用又存在很大的困难，TPL是在物流渠道中由相对“第一方”发货人和“第二方”收货人而言的第三方公司以合同的形式在一定期限内，提供企业所需的全部或部分物流服务的专业物流公司。15

3 Factors Impacting the Development of Logistics物流系统要素目标之间的典型冲突(1)要素运输主要目标 C=min (运费)采取的方法 1、批量运输 2、集装整车运输 3、铁路干线运输可能导致的结果 1、交货期集中 2、交货批量大 3、待运期长 4、运输费用低 1、紧急进货增加 2、送货更加零星 3、储存地点分散 4、库存量降低甚至达到零库存，库存费用降低可能造成对其它要素的影响 1、在途库存增加 2、平均库存增加 3、末端加工费用高 4、 …… 此处隐藏：2978字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……