酚醛树脂的制备工艺及应用10

天津职业大学 2010 届毕业论文

摘 要

酚醛树脂是苯酚和甲醛的缩聚合物。在早期工业合成塑料中就包括这一类材料。它可由两种不同方法制备。第一种方法是碱催化缩合，而第二种方法是酸催化缩合。由碱催化得到的产物是甲阶酚醛树脂，而酸催化制得的产物是热塑性酚醛树脂。酚醛树脂广泛应用于涂覆和层压制品中。纯树脂用作结构材料太脆，但当加入各种各样的填料后就变成有用的塑料了。

酚醛树脂是世界最早人工合成和工业化生产的一类合成树脂，其原料易得，生产工艺简单，综合性能优良，应用非常广泛，因此研究酚醛树脂的制备方法，具有很高的社会意义和经济价值。

根据缩聚时所用的酸性或碱性催化剂，得到不同的最终产物。在酸性介质中缩合时，得到可溶可熔的酚醛树脂，称为酚醛清漆（novolaks），这种产物经长时间加热也不再进一步缩合；在碱性介质中，则得到可溶可熔的含有一个或多个苯核的羟基酚，称为可溶性酚醛树脂(resols),不像酚醛清漆那样，可溶性酚醛树脂加热就转变成不溶不熔的产物（不熔性酚醛树脂，resites）。

本论文通过实验设计出制备酚醛树脂的最优方案，经过熔酚、加料、升温、恒温、降温等步骤制备出酚醛树脂，。根据产品的外观、固含率、pH、游离醛含量、溶酸性等技术指标测定所得产品得到固含率为36.72 %，游离醛含量为11.09%的酚醛树脂。最后介绍了酚醛树脂在生活中的应用。

关键词：苯酚；甲醛；酚醛树脂；尿素

ABSTRACT

Phenolic resin is the shrinkage of phenol and formaldehyde polymer. In the early industrialized synthesis including this kind of plastic materials. It consists of two different methods of preparation. The first method is alkali condensation, while the second method is to acid catalytic condensation. The product by alkali catalyst is resol, while acid catalytic system of product are thermo plastic phenolic resin. Phenolic resin is widely used in coating and laminated products. Pure resin as structure material, but when join various packing will become useful after the plastic.

Phenolic resin is the earliest artificial synthesis and industrialized production of synthetic resin, its simple production technology of reactants, excellent performance, and are widely used, so the study methods of preparation, phenolic resin with high economic value and social significance.

According to the polycondensation catalyst, acidic or alkaline different final product. In acidic medium condensation, soluble can melt of phenolic resin, called phenolic aldehyde varnish (novolaks), the product after long time no further condensation heat, In alkaline medium, get the melting of soluble can contain one or more of the hydroxyl phenol, benzene nuclear soluble phenolic resin resols (called), unlike phenolic aldehyde varnish, soluble phenolic resin heating is transformed into insoluble don't melt product (not melt of phenolic resin, resites).

The preparation process and phenolic resin application requirements, design the optimal preparation of phenolic resin, understand the application of phenolic resin in life. After charging, phenol, melt temperature, the temperature and cooling steps were phenolic resin. According to the appearance of the product, cure rate, PH, free aldehyde content, dissolve acid as determined from product technical indexes.

In this paper, the preparation of experimental design the optimal scheme of phenolic resin, after welding, feeding, temperature, the temperature and cooling steps out of phenolic resin and preparation. According to the appearance of the product, solid rate, pH, free aldehyde content, dissolve acid as determined from product technical indexes obtained solid rate for free aldehyde content36.72 %, for11.09 % of phenolic resin. Finally introduces the application of phenolic resin in life.

Keywords: phenol；formaldehyde；phenolic resin；urea

目 录

第一章 概述 .............................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.1 酚醛树脂的特点 ......................................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.2 酚醛树脂及塑料的发展史 ........................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.2.1世界酚醛树脂.................................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.2.2我国酚醛树脂及其塑料的发展史 ........................................................................... - 2 -

第二章 酚醛树脂的应用领域 .................................................................................... - 3 -

2.1粉状模塑料 ................................................................................................................................... - 3 -

2.2酚醛层压塑料 ............................................................................................................................... - 3 -

2.3酚醛造型材料 ............................................................................................................................... - 3 -

2.4酚醛隔热、隔音材料 ................................................................................................................... - 4 -

2.5木制品黏结剂及其他专用型黏结剂 ........................................................................................... - 4 -

2.6耐火材料结合剂 ........................................................................................................................... - 4 -

第三章 酚醛树脂的制备 .......................................................................................... - 5 -

3.1酚醛树脂的合成反应 ................................................................................................................... - 5 -

3.2实验室制备 ................................................................................................................................... - 5 -

3.2.1酸催化苯酚-甲醛缩合 .................................................................................................. - 5 -

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