语言学概论 - 图文(3)

语言学讲义

2.The bow-wow theory (“汪汪”理论) Language was an imitation of natural sounds, such as the cries of animals, like quack, cuckoo.

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语言学讲义

3.The pooh-pooh theory (“噗噗”理论) Language arose from instinctive emotional cries, expression of pain or joy. Oh, Ah, Aiyo

4.The ye-he-ho theory (“哟-嘿-吼”理论)

Language arose from the noises made by a group of people engaged in joint labour or effort-lifting a huge hunted game, moving a rock, etc.

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语言学讲义

5.The evolution theory (进化理论)

Language originated in the process of labour and answered the call of social need.

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语言学讲义

IV. Functions of language

Jakobson (雅格布逊) established a well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication, namely: referential (convey message and information), poetic (indulge in language for its own sake), emotive (to express attitudes, feelings and emotions), conative (to persuade and influence others through commands and requests), phatic (to establish communion with others) and

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语言学讲义

metalingual function (to clear up intensions and meaning).

Halliday(韩礼德) proposes a theory of metafuncions of language, that is, language has IDEATIONAL,

INTERPERSONAL

and

TEXTUAL functions. Ideational function constructs a model of experience as well as logical relations, interpersonal function enacts social relationships and textual function creates relevance to context.

1.Informative function （信息功能）

Language is used to tell something, to give information, or to reason things out. The informative function is regarded as the most important function. Declarative sentences(陈述句) serve this function. It is the major role of language. The use of language to record the facts is a prerequisite (先决条件)

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