最新年最新版高中英语知识点归纳总结整理版本资料(12)

② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. ◆ 倒装句

① The library is to the east of the teaching building. →

East of the teaching building is the library. ② Although we are tired, we are happy.→

Tired as we are, we are happy.

③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)

④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷） ◆ 被动语态

① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)

② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 Ⅳ)

③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) ◆ 巧妙的改写

（1）．Only 改成no one but

Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.

（2）．as soon as …改成No

sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema

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than the film started. （3）．have sb/sth do/done

The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.). （4）．变换插入语的位置

① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →

They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)

② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →

This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)

(5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002上海卷) Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008年湖南卷） ◆ 其它

（1）注重句子的开头 ① 用with复合结构开头

With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.

With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）

With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009年江苏卷） ② 用非谓语动词形式开头

ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.

ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.

（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好） ◆◆ 相关过渡语

1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last… 精品文档

2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…

3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…

4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…

5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…

6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…

7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude…

六、过去完成时概念

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即所谓“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的基本用法

1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：

By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

2、表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3、叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：

Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

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史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：

I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。

5、过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：

He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

6、在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。 例如：

When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.

她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如：

After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 7、动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 例如：

They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

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