实用的会计英语（2012年注册会计师英语）(8)

3Revenue recognized in 2011 will be $3,175 ($4,000*1/1.08). Also SAP will recognize interest income of $254 ($3,175*8%). In 2012 interest income will be $274 ((3,175+254)*8%). And in 2013 the remaining interest income of $297 will be recognized. This means that the full $4,000 will be recognized as revenue over the three years. Identification of the transaction

Normally, each transaction can be looked at as a whole. Sometimes, it is necessary to break a transaction into its component parts. E.g. a sale include both the transfer of goods and the provision of future servicing, the revenue for which should be deferred over the period the service is performed.

On the other hand, seemingly separate transactions must be considered together if apart they lose their commercial meaning. E.g. sale and repurchase. Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when:

(a) all significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer

企业已将商品所有权上的主要风险和报酬转移给购货方

(b) the entity has no continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with

ownership, and no longer has effective control over the goods sold.

企业既没有保留通常与所有权相联系的继续管理权，也没有对已售出的商品实施有效控制

(c) both revenue and the associated costs of the transaction can be measured reliably

收入的金额和相关的成本能够可靠地计量

(d) probable that economic benefits will flow to the enterprise

相关的经济利益很可能流入企业

The passing of risks and rewards is critical to revenue recognition. The normal critical event is when goods are delivered to the buyer i.e. pass of position or transfer of legal title.

通常情况下，转移所有权凭证并交付实物后，商品所有权上的主要风险和报酬随之转移。 Uncertainty: there is return or refund terms （退货条款）. If the return or refund is proved to be insignificant, revenue in such cases is recognized at delivery and a liability for returns is recognized based on previous experience.

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Uncertainty: there is warranty terms （质保条款）. Revenue is recognized at delivery and a liability for warranty is recognized based on previous experience.

Uncertainty: installation needed after delivery （交货后安装）. If the installation is significant, revenue is recognized after installation. If not, revenue is recognized at delivery before installation.

Uncertainty: irrecoverable debt （坏账） may be incurred in future. Assess the probability and make allowance for it.

Goods shipped subject to conditions-installation and inspection 商品需要安装和检验销售 Goods shipped subject to conditions-right of return 附有销售退回条件的销售 Consignment sales 委托代销 Payment in advance of delivery 预收款销售 Sale and repurchase agreements 售后回购 Sales and lease back 售后租回 Installment sales 分期收款销售 Cash discount, trade discount and sales allowances 现金折扣，商业折扣和销售折让 Trade in 以旧换新 Collection with acceptance 托收承付 Rendering of services

When the outcome of the transaction can be estimated reliably revenue is recognized by reference to the stage of completion of the contract.

当提供劳务交易的结果能够可靠估计时，应当采用完工百分比法确认提供劳务收入。 When the outcome of the transaction cannot be estimated reliably, the standard recommends a no loss/no gain approach. Revenue is recognized only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable.

如果提供劳务交易结果不能可靠估计的，劳务收入的确认以能够得到补偿的劳务成本金额为限。

The sales price of a product may include an identifiable amount for subsequent servicing. In this case, the amount is deferred and recognized as revenue over the period during which the service is performed.

同时销售商品和提供劳务，如果能够区分且单独计量，应当分别核算。 Installation fees 安装费 Advertising commissions 广告费 Admission fees 入会费 / 57 37

Tuition fees 学费 Membership fees 会员费 Franchise fees 特许权费

Illustration A computerized accountancy package is sold with one year’s after sales support. The cost of providing support to one customer for one year is calculated to be $50. The company has a mark-up on cost （成本加成）of 15%. The product is sold for $350. How is this sale accounted for? Solution: $57.50 (50+(50×15%)) will be treated as deferred income and recognized over the course of the year. The remaining $292.5 will be treated as revenue. Dr. Cash 350 292.5 57.5 Cr. Revenue Cr. Deferred income Interest, royalties and dividends

(a) interest （利息收入）shall be recognized using the effective interest rate (EIR) method (time

proportionate, probable and measured reliably) (b) royalties （使用费收入）shall be recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the

substance of the relevant agreement;

(c) dividends （股息收入） shall be recognized when the shareholder’s right to receive payment

is established

Illustration: Revenue Recognition

Suppose market rate of interest is 10% for all the questions. (a) Magazine publisher

A company publishes a magazine and on 1 July sold annual subscriptions totaling $200,000. The monies have been received and are non-refundable. The financial year end of the company is 31

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December. Solution:

The money is non-refundable and the service will be provided over one year, so the revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis. Since the service has not been provided at the point of advance payment from customers, no revenue should be recognized. 1 July Dr Cash

200,000

200,000

Cr Deferred income 31 December

Dr Deferred income 100,000

Cr Revenue 100,000 (b) Internet travel agent

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