Chapter17 The Ciliate Taxa Including Families and Genera

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T his chapter, in large measure, is independent of the others. Here, we diagnose or characterize in a succinct manner, all suprageneric taxa assign-able to the Phylum Ciliophora. In each charac-terization, we have highlighted text in bold that we believe refers to synapomorphies or shared derived traits for these taxa. These characteriza-tions are revisions of those provided in Corliss (1979), Lynn and Small (2002), de Puytorac and collaborators (1994a), and other references subse-quent to these publications. Kahl’s (1930–1935) great series has invaluable species descriptions, but omitted entirely certain major higher groups, and there is no comparison between the size of the total assemblage then and now. All genera are listed, supplying author and date. Synonyms are occasionally indicated where genera are con-sidered problematic, and homonyms are noted. We have also indicated those genera designated as n omen nudum by Aescht (2001) as these highlight generic concepts for which additional research may confirm the conclusions of the original describer. Nevertheless, our coverage does not go to the nomenclatural and taxonomic which can be found in the second volume of the ist works: the chapters of the Traité volume have been separately cited in the previous chapters

devoted to treatment of the classes. We have included newly described genera published since Aescht (2001) and Berger (1999, 2001), and have indicated these genera by marking them with an asterisk (*).

D etails, discussions of controversial matters,

revelation of the rationale behind the new classi-fication, evolutionary interrelationships, definition of terminology employed, and rich citation of per-tinent literature sources are still to be found only in the preceding chapters.

17.1 Style and Format T he classes are arranged, in supposed phylogenetic order, based on the data provided by molecular phylogenetic analyses and ultrastructural stud-ies ( s ee Chapter 16 ). However, other taxa are presented alphabetically, each name followed by its author(s) and date of first valid description. Throughout, we have generally followed Aescht (2001) as the nomenclatural authority on genera. Remarks and comments are kept to a minimum but C haracterizations of taxa are as complete as possible at the levels of phylum, subphy-ence is made to size, the following criteria were used: small means < 80 μm in b ody length ; medium means 80–200 μm in b ody length ; and

C hapter 17

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he Ciliate Taxa Including Families and Genera

13 March 2000. Nor do we provide diagnoses and or shared-derived characters for each taxon are characterizations of genera or subgenera, many of with a minimum characterization. Diagnostic of the literature in relation to genera published up to should be consulted for a comprehensive treatment depth of Aescht (2001), whose scholarly work are included when considered indispensable. Traité edited by de Puytorac and collaborators lum, class, and family. Other taxa are provided (1994a), Jankowski (2007), and in other special-highlighted in bold typeface. Whenever refer-

340 17. The Ciliate Taxa Including Families and Genera

large means > 200 μm in b ody length . Taxa are considered “ f ree-swimming ” if they are typically not attached to a substrate by a s talk or l orica or some other a ttachment organelle . In relation to life history, we make the broad distinction between “ f ree-living ” (i.e., NOT associated with other organisms) and s ymbiotic . We use the fol-lowing classification of symbioses: c ommensal-ism – the symbiont benefits but the host does not; m utualism – both symbiont and host benefit; and p arasitism – the symbiont benefits and the host is obviously harmed. Ciliates have often been called p arasitic , but they are most often c ommensalistic . In the characterizations of fami-lies, it is common that a general feature might be followed by “(?)” (e.g., feeding (?) ). This is meant to indicate that we have not been able to discover information about that character from the literature. We would be grateful to receive correspondence that would remove these areas of ignorance, either through personal observations by the correspondent or direction to the literature on the group.

W e have reserved the use of the category i ncertae sedis for families and genera that seem to demand restudy to determine their appropriate assignment in our overall scheme.

17.2 Nomenclatural Notes, Abbreviations, and Figure References

N ames of all authors of a taxonomic name are written out in full, even when the authorship is multiple, with a single exception. Whenever “de Puytorac et al., 1974” appears after a name, it is to be understood to stand for the following complete list of co-authors: de Puytorac, Batisse, Bohatier, Corliss, Deroux, Didier, Dragesco, Fryd-Versavel, Grain, Grolière, Hovasse, Iftode, Laval, Roque, Savoie, and Tuffrau.

A bbreviations ( n ot italicized if directly follow-ing a g eneric name) include: hom. = homonym; n. n.= n omen novum;n on= not; p.p. = p ro parte; s.l. = s ensu lato;s.s. = s ensu stricto; subj. syn. = subjective synonym; syn(s). = synonym(s). In the case of subjective synonyms, we have noted all those that were listed by Aescht (2001) and for which we currently have reserved judgement on their validity. When comments are used, they are preceded by “ N OTE” or are in brackets.

S ynonymies have been established either by reference to the original literature or, when that was unavailable, by using the informa-tion provided in the Z oological Record.For many of the genera established, for example, by Jankowski (1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, and some-times later) and others, and for which authors have not provided assignment to family, we have assumed that the genus remains within the family to which its t ype species was assigned a …… 此处隐藏：73097字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……