《英语国家社会与文化入门》(简称英美概况)澳大利亚答案(2)

to 40% after World War II .But in recent years there has been a dramatic (剧烈的)drop and now they comprise (由组成) less than 10%of Canada’s total exports. Furthermore, it has become cheaper in many cases to import foodstuffs rather than to produce such items domestically (国内的). 3. how do you view the future of freer (给予自由)trade among nations in the world? Will this result in diminishing （减少）national identity （民族认同）and sovereignty （主权） ? Whatever its political implications ,the idea of a free trade agreement made good economic sense: Canadian industries had been hurt by the American use of non-tariff barriers to trade and a refusal to regard Canada as a “special case ”and waive such measures. Controversial was the provision of a guarantee that the us would retain also access to Canadian energy supplies in case of emergency or changes in world supplies , which some critics said was a loss of Canadian sovereignty. 4. What do you think of the FTA ? is it beneficial to Canada as it is to the United States ? overall ,the FTA has been called an “imperfect ” agreement for Canada ,and given the dominance and strength of the United States ,it could hardly be otherwise .Optimists say that Canada, by embracing free trade not just with the United States ,but with other countries ,will benefit in the long run as the world becomes more economically interdependent and more tolerant of the free trade principles envisioned by the GATT. 下册 美国 UNIT 4 1 Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time? The Articles of Confederation failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute. The Congress had been given no authority to force any state to do anything. It could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that. 2. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation? The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. 3. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. That means the proposal does not become law. Congress can enact the law despite the president's views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect. The president has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments 4．What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution? The Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two years of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. These amendments remain intact today, as they were written two centuries ago. The first guarantees freedom of worship, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government to

correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights. 5 What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different? the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, which evolved out of Thomas Jefferson's party, formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is the donkey. The other is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West, such as Abraham Lincoln, who wanted the government to prevent the expansion of slavery into new states then being admitted to the union. The symbol of the Republican Party is the elephant. UNIT 5 1. Do you agree that cultivators of the earth are most valuable citizen? Yes, I do agree the point that “cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens”. My reasons for my agreement can be illustrated as follows: Firstly, though outward forms have changed, the vital importance of agriculture has not. Agriculture provides the sustenance that meets people’s most basic needs. Agriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic life, accounting for a larger portion of the United States’ GNP than any other endeavor. Besides, agriculture represents a bond of continuity between present and past. Therefore, cultivators of the earth who contribute a lot to agriculture are important and valuable. Secondly, cultivators of the earth are the most vigorous, the most independent, the most virtuous. They have shown a spirit of individualism and egalitarianism that the rest of society has admired. To a large extent, agricultural values have been adopted and celebrated by the society as a whole. Thirdly, American agricultu …… 此处隐藏：6327字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……