高中英语必修二第三单元 Grammar

The Present Perfect Passive Voice

Learning about passive voice—an overview Tense or Model Simple Present Simple past Simple FuturePassive Sentence

The TOEFL exam is given every six months. The TOEFL exam was given last month. The TOEFL exam will be given every year.

Tense or Model Present Continuous Present perfect

Passive Sentence

The TOEFL exam is being given every year. The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950. The TOEFL exam had been Past perfect given before the Vietnam War occurred.

现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过 去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voice The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has + been+~ed

注意:

1. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。 如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed.

2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被 动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者 时常用主动语态。

3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或 副词。如： The patients have been taken good care of.

4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构 成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示 一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的 意思， 则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?

主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主 语。 (2) 把谓语变成被动结构 (be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和

数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之 后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.

(4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一 个宾语变为主语， 另一个保留不动。 主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him.

PracticeTurn the following into the Passive

Voice.1. We have planted some trees around the lake. Some trees have been planted around the lake .

2. My father has locked the door. The door has been locked.

3. Someone has turned off the light.The light has been turned off.

4. We will hold the Olympic Games in

Beijing in the year 2008.The Olympic Games will be held in

Beijing

in the year 2008.5. They have rebuilt the bridge.

The bridge has been rebuilt.

试分析：1) [误] Many new buildings been built since 2000.

[正] Many new buildings have been built since 2000. [析] 谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。