基于虚拟仪器技术的辐射式光纤测温系统的研究

本科毕业设计（论文）

基于虚拟仪器技术的辐射式光

纤测温系统的研究

大 学

2009年6月

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本科毕业设计（论文）

基于虚拟仪器技术的辐射式

光纤测温系统的研究

学院（系）：电气工程学院

专 业：测控与仪器

学生 姓名：茜

学 号：05010148

指导 教师：副教授）

答辩 日期：2009-6-23

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燕山大学毕业设计（论文）任务书

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摘要

由于光纤传输与传感技术具有许多实用性优点，基于光纤传输的辐射测温技术也得到了迅速发展。近年来亮度式光纤辐射测温仪已得到广泛应用，但一些特殊场合需要减少或抑制因物体发射率变化、环境干扰（如灰尘、水汽以及探测器老化）等因素引起的误差。本论文的目的是研究和设计一种能解决上述问题的系统。

本文对光纤辐射温度测量仪进行了研究，利用黑体辐射原理，采用了双波长的方法，提高了系统的测温精度。

论文详细介绍了测温仪系统各部分的组成和性能，并对两个波长的选取进行了研究。主要从测温范围、灵敏度、相对灵敏度、线性度、探测器光谱响应等方面综合考虑，采用数值计算的方法，确定出系统器件参数的最佳范围。针对双光电探测器比色系统设计了滤光片旋转系统。进行了温度测量实验。可知，比色测温法（双波长法）能大大降低发射率对测温结果的影响，在最佳条件下，该影响甚至可降至零。

关键词 辐射测温；光纤辐射温度测量仪；黑体辐射原理；双波长法；滤光片旋转系统；

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燕山大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

Abstract

Since transferring and sensor technology of optical fiber has some advantages in practices, radiation temperature measuring based on optical fiber is rapidly developed. In recent years, brightness optical fiber pyrometer is widely applied. However, in some circumstances there are measurement errors caused by variation of transmitting rate, dust, vapor, and losing accuracy of detector. A system is constructed in this paper to diminish the errors above in order to enhance temperature-measuring accuracy.

Optical fiber radiation pyrometer is intensively investigated. Based on the principle of blackbody radiation and by using double-wavelength approach, wavelet filter is adopted for denoising to obtain higher temperature-measuring accuracy.

The performance and construction of each component of the pyrometer are depicted in details. To take into account temperature measuring range, sensitivity, relative sensitivity, linearity and spectrum response of detector, the selection of wavelength of two waves is thoroughly studied and selecting area of parameters is determined by numerical calculation. Filter rotary device is designed for

colorimetric system of double photoelectric detector and temperature-measuring experiment is conducted. The colorimetry (double wavelength method) can largely lower the blast-off rate which influence the result of temperature

measurement. Under the best term, the influence can decline to the zero.

Keywords radiation temperature measuring; optical fiber radiation pyrometer; principle of blackbody radiation; double wavelength method; filter rotary device

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目 录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................... II Abstract ............................................................................................................... III

第1章 绪论 ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题研究的背景 .................................................................................. 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................................................. 3

1.3 课题研究的意义 .................................................................................. 4

1.4 课题研究的主要内容 .......................................................................... 6

第2章 黑体辐射式光纤测温的机理 ............................................................... 7

2.1 概论 ...................................................................................................... 7

2.2 热辐射原理 .......................................................................................... 8

2.2.1 黑体辐射换热原理 ....................................................................... 8

2.2.2 辐射测温的基本原理 ................................................................. 10

2.3 辐射测温的基本方法 ........................................................................ 12

2.3.1 全辐射式温度测量法 ................................................................. 13

2.3.2 亮度测温法（单色辐射测温法） ............................................. 13

2.3.3 双波长辐射测温法（比色测温法） ......................................... 14

2.3.4 多波长辐射测温法 ..................................................................... 15

2.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................ 16

第3章 黑体辐射式光纤测温系统的设计 ..................................................... 18

3.1 系统结构设计 .................................................................................... 18

3.2 黑体腔探头设计与分析 .................................................................... 18

3.2.1 概论 ............................................................................................. 18

3.2.2 黑体腔积分发射率模型和计算 ................................................. 19

3.3 接收探头结构 .................................................................................... 20

3.4 光纤耦合器 ........................................................................................ 22

3.5 窄带干涉滤光片 ................................................................................ 22

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