高级英语book 2 lesson 3

Unit Three

Pub Talk and the King’s English2007/5 1

Teaching Aims1) To acquaint students with the historical development of the English language. 2) To acquaint students with the knowledge of the relationship between society and language. 3) To enrich students’ knowledge of the cultural background of England.

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General Knowledge Pub: The public house---known as the pub or the local --is the centerof the social life for a large number of people in Britain. Pub, besides offering a wide variety of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks and providing hot and cold food, serve as places for meeting friends and for entertainment. Many have, for instance, television sets, amusements machines and juke-boxes and provide facilities for playing darts; billiards, dominoes and similar games. Some also employ musicians for evening entertainment, such as piano playing, folk singing and modern jazz, rock and roll, punk music etc.

King’s English—Supposedly correct or standard English (Especially British English) as to grammar and pronunciation. Or Queen’s English RP—Received Pronunciation

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Textual Structure

Part I (par1-3): General ideas about what is and what makes a good conversation

Part II (para 4-17): Illustration of a good conversation on ―the king’s English‖

Part IV (par18-21): Resuming to the topic of a good conversation2007/5 4

A better title: The Art of Good Conversation

Para.5 is a transition para., passing from a general discourse to a specific instance of it. Points emphasized by the writer: The charm of conversation… as it meanders or leaps and sparks or just flows… The enemy of good conversation… There is no worse conversationalist…2007/5 5

Detailed Analysis of the TextPart I (par1-3):Questions: 1) What is language? 2) What are the differences between human language and animal language? 3) What does the charm of conversation lie in? 4) What ruins a good conversation?

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Answers1. Language—is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. --system: elements are arranged according to certain rules, can be learned and used consistently. --arbitrary: no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing. Different languages have different words for the same thing. --symbolic: words are associated with objects, actions and ideas by conventions. --vocal: the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how well developed are their writing systems.

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2. DifferencesHuman language duality (双重性) structure of sounds & meanings productivity (创造性) a speaker’s ability to string together discrete units to form an infinite set of ―well-formed‖ novel sentences displacement (位移性) refer to things which are not present; real or imagined in the past, present, future, in far away places interchangeability (替换性) both a producer and a receiver, all members can produce and u

nderstand the same message distinctive(区分性) Language can be dissected into single units with obvious boundaries language can be used to deceive 2007/5

Animal language 只有简单的声音系统

只有几个有限的信号

动物只能谈论当前的事物

雄性能产生的信号雌性不能产生

不能区分成单个成分， 一个连续体 不会用声音欺骗自己的同类8

3. Charm of a conversation --no fixed topic, staring from nowhere and going nowhere, no point to make --there is no winning or losing in conversation, for conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. --conversation-mates are not intimates, not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

4. Ruin of a good conversation-try to make a point, to win an argument2007/5 9

Words and Expressions Indulge v. give way to one’s one desire; entertain

Don’t indulge yourself too freely with wine/liquors. 过分贪杯，纵酒 The manager indulged the company with a song. 唱歌给大家助兴 Indulge in: go in for, allow to enjoy

indulge in dreams 爱幻想 indulge in self-glorification 一味自我陶醉，一味自吹自擂 indulge in fantasy 一味异想天开 Occasionally he indulges in the luxury of a good cigar. 偶尔享受一支好雪茄 indulgence n. The act or an instance of indulging; gratification:

Constant indulgence in gambling brought about his ruins. 经常沉溺于赌博导致了他的毁灭。 His indulgence in strong tea resulted in insomnia. 对浓茶的嗜好导致失眠 The game of billiards is his only indulgence. 桌球是他仅有的嗜好 unbridled indulgence 放荡不羁

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Argument. arguing reasoning, instance, reason put forward a discussion or debate in which a number of people put forward different or opposite opinions; people disagree with each other angrily or noisily. [C] 辩论，争论

There was a hot argument. We got into an argument about whether to go by sea or by air. reasoning, arguing [U] 辩论，争论

They spent hours in argument about where to go. We should try to settle this affair by argument and not by fighting. It should of course be recited. There is no argument about that. A statement or set of statement that you use in order to try to convince people that your opinion about something is correct. 论证,论据,陈述

You cannot bring me over by such an argument. I couldn’t follow his argument. I accepted his argument that we should increase taxation. What are the arguments for accepting the proposal?2007/5 11

meander: to follow a winding and turning course; ramble To move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction

A stream meanders through the meadow. A vagabond who meanders through life 一个漂泊不定的流浪者on the rocks: [colloq.] to be in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe.

Tim’s marriage is on the rocks.go out of bed on the wrong side: to be in a bad temper for the day delve: v.i. in

vestigate for information; search for facts

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