跨文化交际unit 4课件

北林跨文化课 罗老师课件

Unit 4 词汇与意义

教学内容：

（1）词汇的概念意义、内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义和搭配意义。

（2）中英词汇对比

基本要求：

了解词汇在语言的跨文化交际中的地位，掌握词汇的几种意义，中英语言在词汇方面存在的差别。重点是词汇的内涵意义及中英词汇的差别。

Importance

If we want to study the difference between two languages, we have to begin with the study of the words in the two languages. Because the close relationship between language and culture is most readily seen in words.

Section 1 Types of meanings

1. Conceptual meaning概念意义

the basic meaning presented by a word. It refers to logical, cognitive(认知的), referential (指示的), or denotative（外延的） content.

also known as surface meaning or denotative meaning外延意义, dictionary meaning or literal meaning字面意义 of a word.

Features of Conceptual meaning概念意义

1. It is the core of the meaning of a word. It is the basic meaning represented by meaningful linguistic units. It s recorded in the dictionary.

E.g. woman-an adult female human being.

Dog-a four-legged animal which can make the sound of barking

2. It can be pided into some semantic components(语义成

分).

Woman: +animate(有生命) +human(人) - male (男性) -adult(成年)I

boy：

3. It is relatively constant and stable, because it is the meaning agreed upon by all the members of the same speech community. But it may also vary.

Manuscript =“手稿” now also including文稿printed from typewriter or computer

Note: Many different words can have the same conceptual meaning

walk

to move forward by placing one foot in front of the other. The newlyweds新婚夫妇 strolled down漫步 the streets of Paris.

The wealthy businessman swaggered大摇大摆地 into the restaurant and demanded a table.

The overweight man lumbered笨重地行动 along, breathing heavily and occasionally tripping.

These synonyms, although with different connotative meanings内涵意义, have the same conceptual meaning.

The English Words unique in English culture

A. words related with geography

e.g. New England, Canberra, Northern Ireland, Sydney, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, Quebec, Ottawa,

The Thames River, St. Lawrence, British Isles, The Rocky Mountains（落基山脉）, The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,

koala, kangaroo, tornado(龙卷风)

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The Great Barrier Reef, Silicon Valley, Yellowstone Park,

Summary：All these have their own geographical features: places, plants and animals uniquely found in USA, Great Britain and Australia; They all represent meaning unique in their own cultures； Their Chinese equivalents are only used by the Chinese people as mere names, which have lost their distinctive geographical and cultural features.

The English Words unique in English culture

A. words related with geography

e.g.

U.S.A: New England, The Rocky Mountains,The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,Yellowstone Park, Silicon Valley

Britain: British Isles, Northern Ireland, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, The Thames River, Rose Canada: Ottawa, Quebec, St. Lawrence,

Australia: Canberra, Sydney, The Great Barrier Reef, koala, kangaroo

B. words and history

the May Flower

(the ship in which a group of

British Puritans who were also

known as pilgrim fathers sailed to

America in 1620.

The revolutionary war

( the struggle of the 13 colonies in North America for independence from the British rule between 1775-1783)

Scalp(头皮)

(to tear the skin on the top and back of head and the hair attached from an enemy by an North American Indian as a trophy战利品)

Knight

(a man given the rank of knighthood by the British Monarch in recognition of merits in public service)

Hippy/Hippie

(a young man and young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress, etc.)

C. word and politics

USA: President, Secretary, Congress, Senate, the House of Representatives, The Democratic Party, The Republican Party, the Supreme Court

Great Britain: Parliament议会:the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom. It comprises the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.议会两院尤指英国由上议院和下议院构成的国家立法机关; Prime Minister, The Conservative Party, The Labour Party, Supreme Court of Judicature司法

Governor行政长官

the official title of the representative of the British monarch in a British colony.

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Governor general总督

the personal representative of the British crown in the independent nations of the commonwealth. e.g. The Canadian Governor General

Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制

a monarchy in which the powers of the rulers are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation

D. words and religion

Bible

a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament

reformation:宗教改革

a 16th century religious movement against the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, ending in the formation of Protestant Churches.

Christmas box耶诞礼物或礼金

money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year. Boxing day节礼日

the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England

Easter

the chief Christian feast, which celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, on the first Sunday after the full moon that coincides with or comes after the spring equinox.

E. words and Holidays

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