初一上册英语语法知识小结

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初一语法知识小结(上)

1.there be 句型，“有”，“某地有某物”形式 ：there is,

there are

例：There is some food in the fridge.

There are many books on the desk.

区分：there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词 ，例如：

a book , an egg, milk， ice-cream .......；there are

用来修饰可数名词复数。如果要表达某处没有某物 则要用

there be 句型的否定形式，即在there be 后加not ,即

there be not

形式：

there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't)

例： There isn't any milk in a glass。

There aren't any vegetables in the fridge.

若表示是否有，则要用 there be 句型的疑问句 即把be 提

前：Is there , Are there

例：Is there any milk in the glass?

Are there any vegetables in the fridge?

注意：这里涉及some、any 的用法。some 用于肯定句中，

any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的疑问句中，

是想要得到肯定答复的，要用some。例：Would you like some

milk?

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对于there be 疑问句的回答： Yes, there is\are.

No, there isn't\aren't.

2.have\has got 有,指某人有某物

例：I have a dog.

He has a sister and a brother.

区分：have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数

（I ，we ，they) ，has用来修饰第三人称单数（she, he ,

it ）

若表示某人没有某物，则要用否定形式，即在have\has got

后加not 即have not (haven't)got , has

not(hasn't)got.

例：I haven't got a sister but I have a brother.

She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs.

某人是否有某物则要用have\has got的疑问形式:

Have\Has +sb.\sth. + got

例：Have they got a picnic at weekends?

Has the dog got a host family ?（寄宿家庭）

寄宿制家庭，就是留学生住在当地人家了，有提供伙食或

不提供两种，房租较高，适合高中生去寄宿！

回答：肯定：Yes, I\we \they have. Yes , she\ he \

it has.

否定：No ,I\ we \ they haven't. No, she \he \it

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hasn't.

注意：there be 和 have got 的区别 两者虽都指"有"，但

侧重点不同。

例：<1> There are some food in the fridge.

<2>The fridge has got some food.

虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但（1）句侧重于食物，（2）句

侧重于冰箱。

3. 系动词be(am is are) 用法：

我用am，你用are，is连着她他它，单数用is，复数用are

例：I am a student. She is a beautiful girl.

He is a child. It is a dog.

You are my teacher. They are my friends.

The boys all are England.

be 的否定形式：直接加not 即 am not/are not/is not.

例：I am not an English. I am Chinese.

She isn't kind. They aren't my friends.

疑问形式把be提前 即 be+ 主语......？

例：Is he your father?

Are they going to have a party?

回答：肯定：Yes, I am. Yes, she \ he \it is.

Yes , you \ we \ they are.

否定： No, I am not. No, she \ he \ it isn't.

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No , you \ we \ they aren't.

be的句式，所用情况：

1>be + 形容词 例：I am very happy.

2> be+ 名词 例：He is a boy.

3> be + 介词短语 例：She is in the school.

4> be＋形容词短语 例： Ｈe is only 11 years old.

5> be+ 副词 例：Class is over.

*4. 情态动词 can

can 可以、能够，表示某人能做某事。用法：can + v.原;

不能做某事，则用can 的否定形式：cannot (can't)+v.原. can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能（不能）做某事都能用

can

若表示某人是否能做某事 则要用can 的疑问形式，

即can + sb. ？

例：I can speak Chinese. I can't speak English.

Can you speak English? Can she play the piano?

He can swim but he can't play football.

疑问句回答 ：肯定：Yes, I \she \ you \ he \they \ we

can.

否定：No, I \ she \ he \you \ we \ they can't.

注意：can 表示“能力”时，指现在的能力，并不指过去或

将来的能力。

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5 .情态动词would,想,主要用于 would you like to ...

句型中，表示邀请。

例：Would you like to go to school with me ?

回答一般有两种形式：1 表示愿意：I'd like \ love to.

2 拒绝：Sorry, 原因。

注意：would like to 本身并不表示邀请， 而是想要。

例：I would like to some books.

另外，表示邀请还能说：Let's...... Shall we......

What \ How about.......

还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式：1）询问时间：When

is...

2) 询问地点： Where is....

*6．行为动词的一般现在时(根据其在句中的功能，动词可

分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。行为

动词也叫实义动词，比如eat, sleep,行为动词后面只能

副词修饰,系动词比如seem，be动词，可以用形容词)

用法：

1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事，则要用行为动词的一般现在时：

He goes to school every day.

They eat dinner in the evening.

2.若表示某人现在的动态，也可用一般现在时。

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I know him very well. 我和他很熟。

He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。

若表示否定意义，若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人

称复数，只要在谓语动词后加not，即do not(don't)，

若主语是第三人称单数，则要在谓语动词后加does not

(doesn't)

例：I don't go to school every day.

She doesn't goes to the shop every day.

You don’t sing very well.

若表示是否经常做某事 要用疑问意义，将do \ does 提前即可

例：Do you write a composition every day?

Does it smell good? 它闻起来很香吗？

注意：行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词，用法：

用于行为动词之前，be动词之后.

常见的频度副词有：often，always，usually，never,

seldom，sometimes等.

7.名词按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词

普通名词又可分为类名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。

1. 专有名词：是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。

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如：New York纽约 Clinton克林顿

2. 类名词：是一类人或物的个体的名称。

如：piano钢琴，doctor医生，ship舰船

3. 集体名词：是一些人或物的总称，作主语时可用复 …… 此处隐藏：9588字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……