涉海英语理科卷第五单元解析

Unit 5

Marine Disasters

Pre-reading Questions Before you read the text, take a few minutes to think about the following questions: 1.What marine disasters do you know? Name some of them. 2.What can human beings do to prevent and mitigate these natural disasters? 3. What do you know about algae? Is it harmful or not?

1.What marine disasters do you know? Name some of them. tsunamis, some earthquake, some volcanic eruption, shipwreck, oil spill.…

2.What can human beings do to prevent and mitigate(缓解) these natural disasters? create awareness of the importance of preventing and mitigating disasters; gain and store up the knowledge on disaster preventing and mitigating; raise money for scientific research on disaster warning systems and know more about nature and about the law of nature; make evacuation plans for governments and local authorities; acquire surviving and first-aid skills for inpiduals; prevent from flooding and build dykes (堤坝), dams and reservoirs; the dams and reservoirs can also be used to fight a drought by allowing the irrigation(灌溉) of dry fields; protect our environment

Structure Analysis Part 1: General information about “HABs” (Paras.13) Some of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria create potent while some of them are harmless. Difference between HABs and red tide: Red tide includes blooms discoloring the water but causing no harm; excludes blooms of highly toxic cells but often almost invisible. Two mechanisms to cause harm: 1. the production of toxins 2. high biomass accumulation

Part 2: Impacts of HABs (Paras.4-11) Impacts on human health Example : in 1990, six fishermen almost died from eating mussels during a fishing trip. Impacts on wildlife HABs-related animal mortality includes: fish kill, bird kill, or stranding of manatees and whales. Impacts on ecosystem Impacts include: loss of shellfish, loss of habitat, sea grass die-back, and altered food web interactions that decease preferred higher tropic level species. Example: some species cause brown tides.

Two ways that HABs impact ecosystem: the top-down & bottom-up Impacts on socio-economy Reasons for expansion of HABs’ impacts: the demand for seafood globalization of trade and tourism. The fields that money is spent to address problems : public health, commercial fisheries, recreation, tourism, environmental monitoring, and bloom management.

III. Vocabulary Study A. 1. ultimately2. inadvertently3. decay4. mechanism5. precaution6. sustain7. recurrent8. teem9. penetration10.contaminateB. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C C. 1.maintain 2. reserve 3. excluded 4. incur 5. resume

Ⅳ. Cloze 1.in2.transfer3.one-month4. tourism5.reducing6.where7. portion8.rank9.potent10.safety11 .component12.Moreover13. unk

nown14.estimating15. disrupted16.alternate17. reservation18.about19.ruined20. adversely

V. Translation A. 海洋和淡水中聚集着生命，许多很微小，许多没有危害；实际上， 所有水中生命最后都以这种微小生命为生。尽管大多数浮游生物和蓝细 菌是无害的，但仍然有一些在特定的情况下会产生毒素。有害藻类通过 自身产生毒素或通过聚集大量生物来危害一方，进而影响共生的有机物 ，从而改变食物网循环。这些影响包括食用海产品或间接暴露于赤潮毒 素中而导致的人类疾病和死亡，沿岸居民和渔业的经济损失，由赤潮导 致的鱼类、鸟类和哺乳动物的死亡。从人类肉眼来看，有害藻类经常呈 现绿色、棕色，甚至红黄色。不同颜色是由于海藻的种类，水中的生态 系统，和有机体的聚集度来决定的。 藻类泛滥既发生在海水中也发生在淡水中。它主要通过以下两种方 式产生危害。第一种危害是由产生的毒素造成的。毒素直接杀死鱼类或 贝类,或者人类通过吃受污染的海产品致病。第二种是通过大量生物群 聚集，从而造成环境恶化。这些影响具体包括光线变弱，鱼鳃结块，或 者是藻类细胞腐烂消耗了过多的氧气。还有一些有害藻类是因为其物理 形状，它们寄生在鱼鳃的组织中，引起鱼的生理反应，导致鱼的死亡。

Marine waters teem with microscopic life. Some of them create potent toxins and some of them do harm by accumulating. The algae causing harm is called Harmful Algal Blooms. It not only has impact on health of human beings (such as some known and even unknown diseases), but on wild life as well. In fact, more than 50% of the unusual marine mortality events are now associated with HABs. It is another societal concern that HABs have profound influence on ecosystem. Sometimes, the impact works from bottom up (such as affecting predators and grazing), and sometimes from bottom-up (such as affecting plankton). In spite of the precautions, the socioeconomic impact is substantial. Many millions of dollars are spent annually addressing the HAB-related problems. The money on public health accounts for the largest part, followed by commercial fisheries and tourism.

Extended Exercises 1.feel in the pink 2.feeling blue 3. sing the blues 4. tickled pink 5. raises a red flag 6. yellow journalism 7. brown as a berry 8. black sheep

III. Vocabulary Study A. 1.sensitive2.propagate3.rupture4.detect5. initially6.ongoing7.propensity8.evacuation9 .trigger10.disturbanceB. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A C. 1.Seismology 2.residence 3.depression 4.generate 5. hydroelectric

Ⅳ. Cloze 1.earthquakes2.rarely3. awesome4.of5.occurring6. localized7.underneath8.frequent9. margins10.at11.other12.

aware13 .dramatically14.coastal15. modify16.inland17.extreme18. largest19.while20.by

A. 按照是否引发海啸，地震可分两类。一是深震(凭经验，在20公里或 12英里以下),隆升通常被表层所吸收，因此不会引发海啸或只引发小 型海啸。二是浅震(20km以上),由于地表震感强烈，因此也更危险。 目前的问题是如何区分这两种地震。只要有全面的数据，则可较精准地 测算出地震的深度。然而，这一过程需花费一定时间。例如，近期日本 地震最初深度测算为地下83公里，而最近的一次测算结果却显示，深度 实为30公里。通常来说，30公里仍可划入安全等级。但此次地震能量巨 大，以往的经验概不管用。 新系统的秘密在于地震深度对地震性 …… 此处隐藏：4182字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……