学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 4

学术英语 理工Academic English

for Science and Engineering

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

Unit Contents1 Writing a literature review

2 Writing a self-contained literature review3 Writing a literature review as a part of an essay 4 Citation

5 Documentation6 Avoiding plagiarism 7 Paraphrasing 8 Enhancing your academic language

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature

review

Unit 3 Listening to Lectures

1 Writing a literature Review

1 The four essays were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the

topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation.2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation

every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure.

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will

certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

5 It seems that the Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and the phrases like ―I am simply floored‖, ―let officials be oblivious‖, ―not to be outdone‖, ―Do not tell us about that‖. Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy.

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 111 By how many particles of radiation from natural sources has a typical person been struck every second? A typical person is, and always has been struck by 15,000 particles of radiation every second from natural sources.

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 112 How many deaths are estimated to be caused by air pollution from coal burning per year? Air pollution from coal burning is estimated to be causing 10,000 deaths per year.

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 113 What problems can very high radiation doses cause?

Very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.

1 —— i 2 —— f 3 —— g 4 —— c 5 —— h

6 —— a 7 —— b 8 —— e9 —— d 10 —— j

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences. 1 a small breach (缺口) in the

dam 2 shallow (浅的) foundation 3 implement (履行) a promise 4 the survivor(s) (幸存者) of the earthquake 5 hypothetical (假设的) situation 6 initiate (发起) a reform 7 have potential (潜力) as an artist 8 despite (不顾) their strong disagreement 9 neutralize (中和) acids 10 be in contact (联系) with each other 11 transport (运输) goods by lorry 12 the volume (大量) of exports

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences. 13 penetrate (穿透) the fog 14 confirm (证实) my suspicious 15 strategy (战略) of sustainable development 16 a rough estimate (估计) of your income 17 noticeable (显著的) change 18 power generation (产生) 19 avert (转移) one’s glance from an ugly sight 20 medical (医学的) apparatus and instruments 21 disperse (传播) knowledge 22 territorial integrity (完整) 23 compensate (赔偿) for the loss

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph.Radiation is associated with nuclear energy (和原子能有联系). It can cause unwanted chemical reactions in the cell and proteins to fold improperly. Whether it is harmful to man’s health depends somewhat on (某种程度上取决于) the degree of exposure. In small doses, the cell has enough mechanisms to take care of (来对付) misfolded proteins

and repair itself. When exposed to a large amount of radiation, the cell’sdefenses are overwhelmed. Therefore an increase in cancer in the area where radiation leakage takes place (辐射泄漏发生) often arises from

heavy exposure of radiation (由于长时间暴露在辐射下).

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.

1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中,一般人每秒钟都遭受着来 自自然资源中15,000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗 X光检查则带有1,000亿个粒子的辐射。 2 这些材料主要通过发电厂常规运行时的少量释放物，核电 站事故和放射性材料运输事故、以及放射性废料从隔离系 统中泄漏而与人体发生接触的。 3 在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多事可以做； 如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那 么每一种由核工业造成的疾病中有80例遗传疾病都将得到 防止。

Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review

1 Writing a literature Review

Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.

4 高剂量的辐射会摧毁身体机能并在60天内导致死亡，但这 种“明显的”死亡仅仅在2%的核反应堆熔毁事故中能够 被预料到，在0.2%的熔毁事故中会超过100天，而在 1/100,000的熔毁事故中会超过3,500天。 5 对于

氡效应的全面估计是一家运行了一年的核电站最终将 避免几百人死亡，而一个同等的煤电厂将最终导致30人死 亡。